Single-Ended and Differential S-Parameters Differential circuits have been important incommunication systems for many years. In the past,differential communication circuits operated at lowfrequencies, where they could be designed andanalyzed using lumped-element models andtechniques. With the frequency of operationincreasing beyond 1GHz, and above 1Gbps fordigital communications, this lumped-elementapproach is no longer valid, because the physicalsize of the circuit approaches the size of awavelength.Distributed models and analysis techniques are nowused instead of lumped-element techniques.Scattering parameters, or S-parameters, have beendeveloped for this purpose [1]. These S-parametersare defined for single-ended networks. S-parameterscan be used to describe differential networks, but astrict definition was not developed until Bockelmanand others addressed this issue [2]. Bockelman’swork also included a study on how to adapt single-ended S-parameters for use with differential circuits[2]. This adaptation, called “mixed-mode S-parameters,” addresses differential and common-mode operation, as well as the conversion betweenthe two modes of operation.This application note will explain the use of single-ended and mixed-mode S-parameters, and the basicconcepts of microwave measurement calibration.
上传时间： 2014-03-25
上传用户：yyyyyyyyyy
本软件是关于MAX338, MAX339的英文数据手册：MAX338, MAX339 8通道/双4通道、低泄漏、CMOS模拟多路复用器 The MAX338/MAX339 are monolithic, CMOS analog multiplexers (muxes). The 8-channel MAX338 is designed to connect one of eight inputs to a common output by control of a 3-bit binary address. The dual, 4-channel MAX339 is designed to connect one of four inputs to a common output by control of a 2-bit binary address. Both devices can be used as either a mux or a demux. On-resistance is 400Ω max, and the devices conduct current equally well in both directions. These muxes feature extremely low off leakages (less than 20pA at +25°C), and extremely low on-channel leakages (less than 50pA at +25°C). The new design offers guaranteed low charge injection (1.5pC typ) and electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection greater than 2000V, per method 3015.7. These improved muxes are pin-compatible upgrades for the industry-standard DG508A and DG509A. For similar Maxim devices with lower leakage and charge injection but higher on-resistance, see the MAX328 and MAX329.
上传时间： 2013-11-12
上传用户：18711024007
飞思卡尔智能车的舵机测试程序 #include <hidef.h> /* common defines and macros */#include <MC9S12XS128.h> /* derivative information */#pragma LINK_INFO DERIVATIVE "mc9s12xs128" void SetBusCLK_16M(void) { CLKSEL=0X00; PLLCTL_PLLON=1; //锁相环电路允许位 SYNR=0x00 | 0x01; //SYNR=1 REFDV=0x80 | 0x01; POSTDIV=0x00; _asm(nop); _asm(nop); while(!(CRGFLG_LOCK==1)); CLKSEL_PLLSEL =1; } void PWM_01(void) { //舵机初始化 PWMCTL_CON01=1; //0和1联合成16位PWM； PWMCAE_CAE1=0; //选择输出模式为左对齐输出模式 PWMCNT01 = 0; //计数器清零； PWMPOL_PPOL1=1; //先输出高电平，计数到DTY时，反转电平 PWMPRCLK = 0X40; //clockA 不分频,clockA=busclock=16MHz;CLK B 16分频:1Mhz PWMSCLA = 0x08; //对clock SA 16分频,pwm clock=clockA/16=1MHz; PWMCLK_PCLK1 = 1; //选择clock SA做时钟源 PWMPER01 = 20000; //周期20ms； 50Hz; PWMDTY01 = 1500; //高电平时间为1.5ms; PWME_PWME1 = 1;
上传时间： 2013-11-04
上传用户：狗日的日子
This application note covers the design considerations of a system using the performance features of the LogiCORE™ IP Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) Interconnect core. The design focuses on high system throughput through the AXI Interconnect core with F MAX and area optimizations in certain portions of the design. The design uses five AXI video direct memory access (VDMA) engines to simultaneously move 10 streams (five transmit video streams and five receive video streams), each in 1920 x 1080p format, 60 Hz refresh rate, and up to 32 data bits per pixel. Each VDMA is driven from a video test pattern generator (TPG) with a video timing controller (VTC) block to set up the necessary video timing signals. Data read by each AXI VDMA is sent to a common on-screen display (OSD) core capable of multiplexing or overlaying multiple video streams to a single output video stream. The output of the OSD core drives the DVI video display interface on the board. Performance monitor blocks are added to capture performance data. All 10 video streams moved by the AXI VDMA blocks are buffered through a shared DDR3 SDRAM memory and are controlled by a MicroBlaze™ processor. The reference system is targeted for the Virtex-6 XC6VLX240TFF1156-1 FPGA on the Xilinx® ML605 Rev D evaluation board
上传时间： 2013-11-23
上传用户：shen_dafa
This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10- layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in card attached through a connector. This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect. However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations. Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to ensure compliance to all applicable specifications. The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
上传时间： 2014-01-24
上传用户：s363994250
Logger iButton devices have gained a lot of popularity with researchers. Although free evaluation software is easy to use and welldocumented, the choices and inputs that need to be made can sometimes be challenging. This application note explains technicalterms that are common with temperature logger iButtons and how they relate to each other. Additionally, it presents an algorithm tohelp users choose the necessary input parameters, including the sample rate based on a user's needs and the available memory tostore the data.
上传时间： 2013-11-16
上传用户：xywhw1
Automobiles, aircraft, marine vehicles, uninterruptiblepower supplies and telecom hardware represent areasutilizing series connected battery stacks. These stacksof individual cells may contain many units, reaching potentialsof hundreds of volts. In such systems it is oftendesirable to accurately determine each individual cell’svoltage. Obtaining this information in the presence of thehigh “common mode” voltage generated by the batterystack is more diffi cult than might be supposed.
上传时间： 2013-10-24
上传用户：kang1923
Abstract: How can an interface change a happy face to a sad face? Engineers have happy faces when an interface works properly.Sad faces indicate failure somewhere. Because interfaces between microprocessors and ICs are simple—even easy—they are oftenignored until interface failure causes sad faces all around. In this article, we discuss a common SPI error that can be almostimpossible to find in a large system. Links to interface tutorial information are provided for complete information. Noise as a systemissue and ICs to minimize its effects are also described.
上传时间： 2013-11-18
上传用户：zgz317
The ICA/BSS algorithms are pure mathematical formulas, powerful, but rather mechanical procedures: There is not very much left for the user to do after the machinery has been optimally implemented. The successful and efficient use of the ICALAB strongly depends on a priori knowledge, common sense and appropriate use of the preprocessing and postprocessing tools. In other words, it is preprocessing of data and postprocessing of models where expertise is truly ne
标签： mathematical algorithms mechanical procedures
上传时间： 2015-03-31
上传用户：silenthink
IEEE1394Diag is a GUI application that presents a graphical view of an IEEE1394 network and provides the ability to perform common 1394 operations such as async reads, writes, isoc listens and talks, as well as configuration rom browsing of all nodes present on a bus.
标签： IEEE 1394 application graphical
上传时间： 2015-04-02
上传用户：familiarsmile
