Heterogeneous Network (HetNet): A network that consists of a mix of macro cells and low-power nodes, e.g. Pico, Femto, Relay Node (RN) and Remote Radio Head (RRH)
标签： Efficient Spectrum energy and
上传时间： 2020-06-01
上传用户：shancjb
Visible light communications (VLC) is the name given to an optical wireless communication system that carries information by modulating light in the visible spectrum (400–700 nm) that is principally used for illumination [1–3]. The communications signal is encoded on top of the illumination light. Interest in VLC has grown rapidly with the growth of high power light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the visible spectrum. The motivation to use the illumination light for communication is to save energy by exploiting the illumination to carry information and, at the same time, to use technology that is “green” in comparison to radio frequency (RF) technology, while using the existing infrastructure of the lighting system.
标签： Communication Visible Light
上传时间： 2020-06-01
上传用户：shancjb
Since the 1990s the EU has been pursuing climate change mitigation targets. Following the international commitment to the legally binding greenhouse gas reduction under the Kyoto Protocol, the 2020 policy package consists of a set of binding legislation to ensure that the EU meets its climate and energy targets for the year 2020. The package sets three key targets: 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels), 20% of EU energy from renewables (as well as a 10% target for renewable fuels) and 20% improvement in energy efficiency. The targets were set by EU leaders in 2007 and enacted in legislation in 2009 3 . They are also headline targets of the Europe 2020 strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.
标签： Preparatory Ecodesign Study
上传时间： 2020-06-06
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This is a practical book, to be sure, but it is also a book about hope and posi- tive change. I am quite sincere. The delivery of electricity is deeply rooted in the principle of universal access; when clean, reliable energy is available it contributes to poverty alleviation, improved social conditions, and enhanced economic development. In the developed world, we know this to be true. The digital fabric of our lives is a testimony to the importance of energy security. Across the globe, we have seen the vital contributions that electrification has brought to the development of economies and an enhanced quality of life. Nonetheless, this supreme engineering achievement has languished, and we are deeply challenged.
标签： Strategies Analytics Data Big
上传时间： 2020-06-07
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n its Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology declares that a twenty-first-century clean energy economy demands a twenty-first-century electric grid. 1 The start of the twenty-first century marked the acceleration of the Smart Grid evolution. The goals of this evolution are broad, including the promotion of widespread and distributed deployment of renewable energy sources, increased energy efficiency, peak power reduction, automated demand response, improved reliability, lower energy delivery costs, and consumer participation in energy management.
上传时间： 2020-06-07
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The large-scale deployment of the smart grid (SG) paradigm could play a strategic role in supporting the evolution of conventional electrical grids toward active, flexible and self- healing web energy networks composed of distributed and cooperative energy resources. From a conceptual point of view, the SG is the convergence of information and operational technologies applied to the electric grid, providing sustainable options to customers and improved security. Advances in research on SGs could increase the efficiency of modern electrical power systems by: (i) supporting the massive penetration of small-scale distributed and dispersed generators; (ii) facilitating the integration of pervasive synchronized metering systems; (iii) improving the interaction and cooperation between the network components; and (iv) allowing the wider deployment of self-healing and proactive control/protection paradigms.
标签： Computational Intelligence
上传时间： 2020-06-07
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Electricity has been chosen as the most convenient and useful form of energy, due to its ease of transportation over large distances and easy conversion to other energy forms. The biggest inconvenience with electricity is that it cannot be stored and must be utilized at the moment of generation. The storage of a large amount of electrical energy is usually connected with its conversion to other types of energy, which significantly reduces the efficiency of such processes. The aim of the power system, often treated as the biggest and the most complex machine ever built, is to deliver uninterruptible electric energy of demanded quality parameters to consumers.
标签： Electromagnetic Interference Conducted
上传时间： 2020-06-07
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Electric distribution networks are critical parts of power delivery systems. In recent years, many new technologies and distributed energy resources have been inte- grated into these networks. To provide electricity at the possible lowest cost and at required quality, long-term planning is essential for these networks. In distribution planning, optimal location and size of necessary upgrades are determined to satisfy the demand and the technical requirements of the loads and to tackle uncertainties associated with load and distributed energy resources.
标签： Distribution Electric Planning Network
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) as well as the promotion and application of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies, EVs charging loads, as flexible loads, have the potential to participate in the grid services, including peak shaving and valley filling, frequency regulation (FR), emergency power, energy market participation, and so on. Therefore, great attention has been paid to EVs and V2G. Focusing on the interactions between EVs and power system, this book aims to bring readers with basic knowledge of electrical engineering promptly to the frontier of the EVs’ influence on power system and environment. This book may serve as a reference for scientists, electrical engineers, and postgraduate students majoring in electrical engineering or other related fields.
标签： Electric Vehicles System Power on
上传时间： 2020-06-07
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The author of this textbook intends to consider all stages of the life cycle of the energy resources: extraction of mineral energy resources and mastering for power engineering renewable energy, transportation of mineral energy raw materials to the place of consumption, the conversion of primary energy sources into electrical and/or thermal energy, transportation and distribution among the customers, and energy storage (if necessary).
标签： Engineering Electrical Current Power State
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
