使用Nios II紧耦合存储器教程 Chapter 1. Using Tightly Coupled Memory with the Nios II Processor Reasons for Using Tightly Coupled Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–1 Tradeoffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–1 Guidelines for Using Tightly Coupled Memory . . . .. . . . . . . . 1–2 Hardware Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–2 Software Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 1–3 Locating Functions in Tightly Coupled Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–3 Tightly Coupled Memory Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–4 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–4 Dual Port Memories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 1–5 Building a Nios II System with Tightly Coupled Memory . . . . . . . . . . . 1–5
上传时间： 2013-10-13
上传用户：黄婷婷思密达
This application note shows how to achieve low-cost, efficient serial configuration for Spartan FPGA designs. The approachrecommended here takes advantage of unused resources in a design, thereby reducing the cost, part count, memory size,and board space associated with the serial configuration circuitry. As a result, neither processor nor PROM needs to be fullydedicated to performing Spartan configuration.In particular, information is provided on how the idle processing time of an on-board controller can be used to loadconfiguration data from an off-board source. As a result, it is possible to upgrade a Spartan design in the field by sending thebitstream over a network.
上传时间： 2013-11-01
上传用户：wojiaohs
This application note describes how to build a system that can be used for determining theoptimal phase shift for a Double Data Rate (DDR) memory feedback clock. In this system, theDDR memory is controlled by a controller that attaches to either the OPB or PLB and is used inan embedded microprocessor application. This reference system also uses a DCM that isconfigured so that the phase of its output clock can be changed while the system is running anda GPIO core that controls that phase shift. The GPIO output is controlled by a softwareapplication that can be run on a PowerPC® 405 or Microblaze™ microprocessor.
上传时间： 2014-11-26
上传用户：erkuizhang
The Virtex-4 features, such as the programmable IDELAY and built-in FIFO support, simplifythe bridging of a high-speed, PCI-X core to large amounts of DDR-SDRAM memory. Onechallenge is meeting the PCI-X target initial latency specification. PCI-X Protocol Addendum tothe PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2.0a ([Ref 6]) dictates that when a target signals adata transfer, "the target must do so within 16 clocks of the assertion of FRAME#." PCItermination transactions, such as Split Response/Complete, are commonly used to meet thelatency specifications. This method adds complexity to the design, as well as additional systemlatency. Another solution is to increase the ratio of the memory frequency to the PCI-X busfrequency. However, this solution increases the required power and clock resource usage.
上传时间： 2013-11-24
上传用户：18707733937
The SDI standards are the predominant standards for uncompressed digital videointerfaces in the broadcast studio and video production center. The first SDI standard,SD-SDI, allowed standard-definition digital video to be transported over the coaxial cableinfrastructure initially installed in studios to carry analog video. Next, HD-SDI wasto support high-definition video. Finally, dual link HD-SDI and 3G-SDIdoubled the bandwidth of HD-SDI to support 1080p (50 Hz and 60 Hz) and other videoformats requiring more bandwidth than HD-SDI provides.
上传时间： 2013-12-08
上传用户：liansi
This application note covers the design considerations of a system using the performance features of the LogiCORE™ IP Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) Interconnect core. The design focuses on high system throughput through the AXI Interconnect core with F MAX and area optimizations in certain portions of the design. The design uses five AXI video direct memory access (VDMA) engines to simultaneously move 10 streams (five transmit video streams and five receive video streams), each in 1920 x 1080p format, 60 Hz refresh rate, and up to 32 data bits per pixel. Each VDMA is driven from a video test pattern generator (TPG) with a video timing controller (VTC) block to set up the necessary video timing signals. Data read by each AXI VDMA is sent to a common on-screen display (OSD) core capable of multiplexing or overlaying multiple video streams to a single output video stream. The output of the OSD core drives the DVI video display interface on the board. Performance monitor blocks are added to capture performance data. All 10 video streams moved by the AXI VDMA blocks are buffered through a shared DDR3 SDRAM memory and are controlled by a MicroBlaze™ processor. The reference system is targeted for the Virtex-6 XC6VLX240TFF1156-1 FPGA on the Xilinx® ML605 Rev D evaluation board
上传时间： 2013-11-23
上传用户：shen_dafa
信号完整性问题是高速PCB 设计者必需面对的问题。阻抗匹配、合理端接、正确拓扑结构解决信号完整性问题的关键。传输线上信号的传输速度是有限的，信号线的布线长度产生的信号传输延时会对信号的时序关系产生影响，所以PCB 上的高速信号的长度以及延时要仔细计算和分析。运用信号完整性分析工具进行布线前后的仿真对于保证信号完整性和缩短设计周期是非常必要的。在PCB 板子已焊接加工完毕后才发现信号质量问题和时序问题，是经费和产品研制时间的浪费。1.1 板上高速信号分析我们设计的是基于PowerPC 的主板，主要由处理器MPC755、北桥MPC107、北桥PowerSpanII、VME 桥CA91C142B 等一些电路组成，上面的高速信号如图2-1 所示。板上高速信号主要包括：时钟信号、60X 总线信号、L2 Cache 接口信号、Memory 接口信号、PCI 总线0 信号、PCI 总线1 信号、VME 总线信号。这些信号的布线需要特别注意。由于高速信号较多，布线前后对信号进行了仿真分析，仿真工具采用Mentor 公司的Hyperlynx7.1 仿真软件，它可以进行布线前仿真和布线后仿真。
上传时间： 2013-11-17
上传用户：sqq
Hyperlynx仿真应用:阻抗匹配.下面以一个电路设计为例，简单介绍一下PCB仿真软件在设计中的使用。下面是一个DSP硬件电路部分元件位置关系(原理图和PCB使用PROTEL99SE设计)，其中DRAM作为DSP的扩展Memory(64位宽度，低8bit还经过3245接到FLASH和其它芯片)，DRAM时钟频率133M。因为频率较高，设计过程中我们需要考虑DRAM的数据、地址和控制线是否需加串阻。下面，我们以数据线D0仿真为例看是否需要加串阻。模型建立首先需要在元件公司网站下载各器件IBIS模型。然后打开Hyperlynx,新建LineSim File(线路仿真—主要用于PCB前仿真验证)新建好的线路仿真文件里可以看到一些虚线勾出的传输线、芯片脚、始端串阻和上下拉终端匹配电阻等。下面，我们开始导入主芯片DSP的数据线D0脚模型。左键点芯片管脚处的标志，出现未知管脚，然后再按下图的红线所示线路选取芯片IBIS模型中的对应管脚。 3http://bbs.elecfans.com/ 电子技术论坛 http://www.elecfans.com 电子发烧友点OK后退到“ASSIGN Models”界面。选管脚为“Output”类型。这样，一样管脚的配置就完成了。同样将DRAM的数据线对应管脚和3245的对应管脚IBIS模型加上(DSP输出，3245高阻，DRAM输入)。下面我们开始建立传输线模型。左键点DSP芯片脚相连的传输线，增添传输线，然后右键编辑属性。因为我们使用四层板，在表层走线，所以要选用“Microstrip”，然后点“Value”进行属性编辑。这里，我们要编辑一些PCB的属性，布线长度、宽度和层间距等，属性编辑界面如下：再将其它传输线也添加上。这就是没有加阻抗匹配的仿真模型(PCB最远直线间距1.4inch，对线长为1.7inch)。现在模型就建立好了。仿真及分析下面我们就要为各点加示波器探头了，按照下图红线所示路径为各测试点增加探头：为发现更多的信息，我们使用眼图观察。因为时钟是133M，数据单沿采样，数据翻转最高频率为66.7M，对应位宽为7.58ns。所以设置参数如下：之后按照芯片手册制作眼图模板。因为我们最关心的是接收端(DRAM)信号，所以模板也按照DRAM芯片HY57V283220手册的输入需求设计。芯片手册中要求输入高电平VIH高于2.0V，输入低电平VIL低于0.8V。DRAM芯片的一个NOTE里指出，芯片可以承受最高5.6V，最低-2.0V信号(不长于3ns)：按下边红线路径配置眼图模板：低8位数据线没有串阻可以满足设计要求，而其他的56位都是一对一，经过仿真没有串阻也能通过。于是数据线不加串阻可以满足设计要求，但有一点需注意，就是写数据时因为存在回冲，DRAM接收高电平在位中间会回冲到2V。因此会导致电平判决裕量较小，抗干扰能力差一些，如果调试过程中发现写RAM会出错，还需要改版加串阻。
上传时间： 2013-12-17
上传用户：debuchangshi
三菱编程，包含组网通信，1:N,N:N,1:1 ，C-C LINK.
上传时间： 2013-10-13
上传用户：neu_liyan
微电脑型RS-485显示电表（24*48mm/48*96mm） 特点： 5位数RS-485显示电表 显示范围-19999-99999位數 通訊协议Modbus RTU模式 宽范围交直流兩用電源設計 尺寸小,穩定性高 主要规格： 显示范围:-19999~99999 digit RS-485传输速度: 19200/9600/4800/2400 selective RS-485通讯位址: "01"-"FF" RS-485通讯协议: Modbus RTU mode 显示幕: Red high efficiency LEDs high 10.16 mm (0.4") (MMX-RS-11X) Red high efficiency LEDs high 20.32 mm (0.8") (MMX-RS-12X) Red high efficiency LEDs high 10.16 mm (0.4")x2 (MMX-RS-22X) 参数设定方式: Touch switches 记忆方式: Non-volatile E²PROM memory 绝缘耐压能力: 2KVac/1 min. (input/power) 使用环境条件: 0-50℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) 存放环境条件: 0-70℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) CE认证: EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 Class A EN 61000-3-2:2000 EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001 EN 55024:1998/A1:2001
上传时间： 2015-01-03
上传用户：feitian920
