虚拟仪器（virtual instrumention）是基于计算机的仪器。计算机和仪器的密切结合是目前仪器发展的一个重要方向。粗略地说这种结合有两种方式，一种是将计算机装入仪器，其典型的例子就是所谓智能化的仪器。随着计算机功能的日益强大以及其体积的日趋缩小，这类仪器功能也越来越强大，目前已经出现含嵌入式系统的仪器。另一种方式是将仪器装入计算机。以通用的计算机硬件及操作系统为依托，实现各种仪器功能。虚拟仪器主要是指这种方式。下面的框图反映了常见的虚拟仪器方案。 虚拟仪器的主要特点有： n 尽可能采用了通用的硬件，各种仪器的差异主要是软件。 n 可充分发挥计算机的能力，有强大的数据处理功能，可以创造出功能更强的仪器。 n 用户可以根据自己的需要定义和制造各种仪器。 虚拟仪器实际上是一个按照仪器需求组织的数据采集系统。虚拟仪器的研究中涉及的基础理论主要有计算机数据采集和数字信号处理。目前在这一领域内，使用较为广泛的计算机语言是美国NI公司的labview。 虚拟仪器的起源可以追朔到20世纪70年代，那时计算机测控系统在国防、航天等领域已经有了相当的发展。PC机出现以后，仪器级的计算机化成为可能，甚至在Microsoft公司的Windows诞生之前，NI公司已经在Macintosh计算机上推出了labview2.0以前的版本。对虚拟仪器和labview长期、系统、有效的研究开发使得该公司成为业界公认的权威。 普通的PC有一些不可避免的弱点。用它构建的虚拟仪器或计算机测试系统性能不可能太高。目前作为计算机化仪器的一个重要发展方向是制定了VXI标准，这是一种插卡式的仪器。每一种仪器是一个插卡，为了保证仪器的性能，又采用了较多的硬件，但这些卡式仪器本身都没有面板，其面板仍然用虚拟的方式在计算机屏幕上出现。这些卡插入标准的VXI机箱，再与计算机相连，就组成了一个测试系统。VXI仪器价格昂贵，目前又推出了一种较为便宜的PXI标准仪器。 虚拟仪器研究的另一个问题是各种标准仪器的互连及与计算机的连接。目前使用较多的是IEEE 488或GPIB协议。未来的仪器也应当是网络化的。
上传时间： 2013-10-15
上传用户：gaoliangncepu
When I started writing the first edition of RF Power AmplIFiers for Wireless Communications,some time back in 1997, it seemed that I was roaming a largely uninhabitedlandscape. For reasons still not clear to me there were few, IF any, otherbooks dedicated to the subject of RF power amplIFiers. Right at the same time, however,hundreds of engineers were being assigned projects to design PAs for wirelesscommunications products. It was not, therefore, especially dIFficult to be successfulwith a book that was fortuitously at the right place and the right time.
标签： Communications AmplIFiers Wireless Edition
上传时间： 2013-11-12
上传用户：YYRR
Radio frequency (RF) can be a complex subject to navigate, but it does not have to be. IF you are just getting started with radios or maybe you cannot find that old reference book about antenna aperture, this guide can help. It is intended to provide a basic understanding of RF technology, as well act as a quick reference for those who “know their stuff” but may be looking to brush up on that one niche term that they never quite understood. This document is also a useful reference for Maxim’s products and data sheets, an index to deeper analysis found in our application notes, and a general reference for all things RF.
上传时间： 2013-10-23
上传用户：685
Radio frequency (RF) can be a complex subject to navigate, but it does not have to be. IF you are just getting started with radios or maybe you cannot find that old reference book about antenna aperture, this guide can help. It is intended to provide a basic understanding of RF technology, as well act as a quick reference for those who “know their stuff” but may be looking to brush up on that one niche term that they never quite understood. This document is also a useful reference for Maxim’s products and data sheets, an index to deeper analysis found in our application notes, and a general reference for all things RF.
标签： 无线技术
上传时间： 2013-10-08
上传用户：kinochen
The LTC®3207/LTC3207-1 is a 600mA LED/Camera driverwhich illuminates 12 Universal LEDs (ULEDs) and onecamera fl ash LED. The ULEDs are considered universalbecause they may be individually turned on or off, setin general purpose output (GPO) mode, set to blink at aselected on-time and period, or gradate on and off at aselected gradation rate. This device also has an externalenable (ENU) pin that may be used to blink, gradate, orturn on/off the LEDs without using the I2C bus. This may beuseful IF the microprocessor is in sleep or standby mode. IFused properly, these features may save valuable memoryspace, programming time, and reduce the I2C traffi c.
上传时间： 2014-01-04
上传用户：LANCE
The correct answer for each test bank question is highlighted in bold. Test bank questions are based on the end-of-chapter questions. IF a student studies the end-of-chapter questions (which are linked to the italicized words in each chapter), then they will be successful on the test bank questions.
上传时间： 2014-12-31
上传用户：旗鱼旗鱼
10种软件滤波方法的示例程序 假定从8位AD中读取数据（如果是更高位的AD可定义数据类型为int),子程序为get_ad(); 1、限副滤波 /* A值可根据实际情况调整 value为有效值，new_value为当前采样值 滤波程序返回有效的实际值 */ #define A 10 char value; char filter() { char new_value; new_value = get_ad(); IF ( ( new_value - value > A ) || ( value - new_value > A ) return value; return new_value; }
上传时间： 2013-11-11
上传用户：gxf2016
library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; ---- Uncomment the following library declaration IF instantiating ---- any Xilinx primitives in this code. --library UNISIM; --use UNISIM.VComponents.all; entity counter is Port ( clk : in std_logic; resetn : in std_logic; dout : out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); lcd_en : out std_logic; lcd_rs : out std_logic; lcd_rw : out std_logic); end counter;
上传时间： 2013-10-30
上传用户：wqxstar
This example shows how to update at regulate period the WWDG counter using theEarly Wakeup interrupt (EWI). The WWDG timeout is set to 262ms, refresh window set to 41h and the EWI isenabled. When the WWDG counter reaches 40h the EWI is generated and in the WWDGISR the counter is refreshed to prevent a WWDG reset and led connected to PC.07is toggled.The EXTI line9 is connected to PB.09 pin and configured to generate an interrupton falling edge.In the NVIC, EXTI line9 to 5 interrupt vector is enabled with priority equal to 0and the WWDG interrupt vector is enabled with priority equal to 1 (EXTI IT > WWDG IT). The EXTI Line9 will be used to simulate a software failure: once the EXTI line9event occurs (by pressing Key push-button on EVAL board) the correspondent interruptis served, in the ISR the led connected to PC.07 is turned off and the EXTI line9pending bit is not cleared. So the CPU will execute indefinitely EXTI line9 ISR andthe WWDG ISR will never be entered(WWDG counter not updated). As result, when theWWDG counter falls to 3Fh the WWDG reset occurs.IF the EXTI line9 event don抰 occurs the WWDG counter is indefinitely refreshed inthe WWDG ISR which prevent from WWDG reset. IF the WWDG reset is generated, after resuming from reset a led connected to PC.06is turned on. In this example the system is clocked by the HSE(8MHz).
上传时间： 2013-11-11
上传用户：gundamwzc
IF exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[FK_药品库存_药品资料]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsForeignKey') = 1) ALTER TABLE [dbo].[药品库存] DROP CONSTRAINT FK_药品库存_药品资料 GO IF exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[FK_门诊划价明细_门诊划价]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsForeignKey') = 1) ALTER TABLE [dbo].[门诊划价明细] DROP CONSTRAINT FK_门诊划价明细_门诊划价 GO IF exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[FK_门诊挂号_门诊挂号类型]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsForeignKey') = 1) ALTER TABLE [dbo].[门诊挂号] DROP CONSTRAINT FK_门诊挂号_门诊挂号类型 GO IF exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[产地]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [dbo].[产地] GO IF exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[医生资料]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1) drop table [dbo].[医生资料]
上传时间： 2013-11-12
上传用户：sunshie
