The concept of “smart city” is often used implying that the reader has a clear and common notion of what it means. However, in the current literature it is very hard to find a precise definition. What is EVEN more interesting, it is not so easy to find a precise definition of what a city is.
标签： Facilitating Developing Designing Cities Smart
上传时间： 2020-05-25
上传用户：shancjb
The Internet of Things is considered to be the next big opportunity, and challenge, for the Internet engineering community, users of technology, companies and society as a whole. It involves connecting embedded devices such as sensors, home appliances, weather stations and EVEN toys to Internet Protocol (IP) based networks. The number of IP-enabled embedded devices is increasing rapidly, and although hard to estimate, will surely outnumber the number of personal computers (PCs) and servers in the future. With the advances made over the past decade in microcontroller,low-power radio, battery and microelectronic technology, the trend in the industry is for smart embedded devices (called smart objects) to become IP-enabled, and an integral part of the latest services on the Internet. These services are no longer cyber, just including data created by humans, but are to become very connected to the physical world around us by including sensor data, the monitoring and control of machines, and other kinds of physical context. We call this latest frontier of the Internet, consisting of wireless low-power embedded devices, the Wireless Embedded Internet. Applications that this new frontier of the Internet enable are critical to the sustainability, efficiency and safety of society and include home and building automation, healthcare, energy efficiency, smart grids and environmental monitoring to name just a few.
标签： Embedded Internet Wireless 6LoWPAN The
上传时间： 2020-05-26
上传用户：shancjb
A decade ago, I first wrote that people moved, and networks needed to adapt to the reality that people worked on the go. Of course, in those days, wireless LANs came with a trade-off. Yes, you could use them while moving, but you had to trade a great deal of throughput to get the mobility. Although it was possible to get bits anywhere, EVEN while in motion, those bits came slower. As one of the network engineers I worked with put it, “We’ve installed switched gigabit Ethernet everywhere on campus, so I don’t understand why you’d want to go back to what is a 25-megabit hub.” He un- derestimated the allure of working on the go.
上传时间： 2020-05-26
上传用户：shancjb
At present, there is a strong worldwide push toward bringing fiber closer to indi- vidual homes and businesses. Fiber-to-the-Home/Business (FTTH/B) or close to it networks are poised to become the next major success story for optical fiber com- munications. In fact, FTTH connections are currently experiencing double-digit or EVEN higher growth rates, e.g., in the United States the annual growth rate was 112% between September 2006 and September 2007, and their presence can add value of U.S. $4,000–15,000 to the selling price of a home.
标签： Technologies Broadband Networks Access
上传时间： 2020-05-26
上传用户：shancjb
Cooperation has been the subject of intensive study in the social and biological sciences, as well as in mathematics and artificial intelligence. The fundamental finding is that EVEN egoists can sustain cooperation provided the structure of their environment allows for repeated interactions (Axelrod 1984).
标签： Cooperation Wireless Networks in
上传时间： 2020-05-27
上传用户：shancjb
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks have become mainstream over the last few years. What started out as cable replacement for static desktops in indoor networks has been extended to fully mobile broadband applications involving moving vehicles, high-speed trains, and EVEN airplanes.
标签： Technologies Emerging Wireless Theory LANs in
上传时间： 2020-05-27
上传用户：shancjb
The telecommunications industry is undoubtedly in a period of radical change with the advent of mobile broadband radio access and the rapid convergence of Internet and mobile services. Some of these changes have been enabled by a fundamental shift in the underlying technologies; mobile networks are now increasingly based on a pure Internet Protocol (IP) network architecture. Since the first edition of this book was published in 2009, a multitude of connected devices from eBook readers to smartphones and EVEN Machine-to-Machine (M2M) technologies have all started to benefit from mobile broadband. The sea change over the last few years is only the beginning of a wave of new services that will fundamentally change our economy, our society, and EVEN our environment. The evolution towards mobile broadband is one of the core underlying parts of this revolution and is the focus of this book.
标签： Networks Packet EPC and 4G
上传时间： 2020-05-27
上传用户：shancjb
For nearly a hundred years telecommunications provided mainly voice services and very low speed data (telegraph and telex). With the advent of the Internet, several data services became mainstream in telecommunications; to the point that voice is becoming an accessory to IP-centric data networks. Today, high-speed data services are already part of our daily lives at work and at home (web surfing, e-mail, virtual private networks, VoIP, virtual meetings, chats...). The demand for high-speed data services will grow EVEN more with the increasing number of people telecommuting.
上传时间： 2020-05-27
上传用户：shancjb
Wireless metropolitan area networks (WirelessMANs) is emerging as a promising broadband wireless access (BWA) technology to provide high-speed, high bandwidth efficiency and high-capacity multimedia services for residential as well as enterprise applications. It is observed that WirelessMAN (e.g., WiMAX) is EVEN regarded as a 4G technology. For the success of the WirelessMANs, international standardization organiza- tions are very actively specifying the standards IEEE 802.16, ETSI HiperMAN and Korea WiBro.
标签： BroadbanMobile WiMAX Toward Broadband Wirelessd Wireless Mobile Toward WiMAX
上传时间： 2020-05-30
上传用户：shancjb
Recent decades have shown a tremendous expansion of the Internet. The number of connected terminals has increased by orders of magnitude, traffic has grown exponen- tially, coverage has become ubiquitous and worldwide, and today’s sophisticated Web 2.0 applications are increasingly providing services which hitherto have been the realm of telecommunications, such as Skype and video conferencing. This has EVEN led to the thought that access to the Internet might one day be a universal right of every citizen. This evolution will accelerate in the coming decades.
标签： Networking Personal Networks Wireless
上传时间： 2020-05-31
上传用户：shancjb
