This application note describes the implementation of a two-dimensional Rank Order filter. Thereference design includes the RTL VHDL implementation of an efficient sorting algorithm. Thedesign is parameterizable for input/output precision, color standards, filter kernel size,maximum horizontal resolution, and implementation options. The rank to be selected can bemodified dynamically, and the actual horizontal resolution is picked up automatically from theinput synchronization signals. The design has a fully synchronous interface through the ce, clk,and rst ports.
上传时间: 2013-12-14
上传用户:逗逗666
This application note covers the design considerations of a system using the performance features of the LogiCORE™ IP Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) Interconnect core. The design focuses on high system throughput through the AXI Interconnect core with F MAX and area optimizations in certain portions of the design. The design uses five AXI video direct memory access (VDMA) engines to simultaneously move 10 streams (five transmit video streams and five receive video streams), each in 1920 x 1080p format, 60 Hz refresh rate, and up to 32 data bits per pixel. Each VDMA is driven from a video test pattern generator (TPG) with a video timing controller (VTC) block to set up the necessary video timing signals. Data read by each AXI VDMA is sent to a common on-screen display (OSD) core capable of multiplexing or overlaying multiple video streams to a single output video stream. The output of the OSD core drives the DVI video display interface on the board. Performance monitor blocks are added to capture performance data. All 10 video streams moved by the AXI VDMA blocks are buffered through a shared DDR3 SDRAM memory and are controlled by a MicroBlaze™ processor. The reference system is targeted for the Virtex-6 XC6VLX240TFF1156-1 FPGA on the Xilinx® ML605 Rev D evaluation board
上传时间: 2013-11-23
上传用户:shen_dafa
Finite state machines are widely used in digital circuit designs. Generally, when designing a state machine using an HDL, the synthesis tools will optimize away all states that cannot be reached and generate a highly optimized circuit. Sometimes, however, the optimization is not acceptable. For example, if the circuit powers up in an invalid state, or the circuit is in an extreme working environment and a glitch sends it into an undesired state, the circuit may never get back to its normal operating condition.
标签: Creating Machines Mentor State
上传时间: 2013-11-02
上传用户:xauthu
在国内Protel软件一直大受欢迎,从DOS时代的Protel3.3(Autotrax 1.61)到现在具有EDA Client/Server (客户/服务器)即C/S“框架”体系结构的Protel98,它始终是PCB设计和制造领域的大众化工具软件,成为电子设计工作者们的首选。 在规范化的设计管理中,设计文件图样必须遵守相应的国家标准,如《电子产品图样绘制规则》、《设计文件管理制图》和《印制板制图》等,而由于Protel软件都是英文版,因此无法直接打印出符合国家标准的图纸,要将图纸规范化常用的方式是套打,即先将符合国家标准的表和汉字等打在纸上,再将该纸放入打印机,用Protel软件将印制板图打印其上,形成符合标准的文件,但这种做法效率很低,而且图形常会打偏,有时甚至会打反,经笔者试验,找到了一种简便的方法,使印制板图转换为AUTOCAD格式,再在AUTOCAD里一次性打印出符合标准的图纸。
上传时间: 2013-11-01
上传用户:杏帘在望
讨论、研究高性能覆铜板对它所用的环氧树脂的性能要求,应是立足整个产业链的角度去观察、分析。特别应从HDI多层板发展对高性能CCL有哪些主要性能需求上着手研究。HDI多层板有哪些发展特点,它的发展趋势如何——这都是我们所要研究的高性能CCL发展趋势和重点的基本依据。而HDI多层板的技术发展,又是由它的应用市场——终端电子产品的发展所驱动(见图1)。 图1 在HDI多层板产业链中各类产品对下游产品的性能需求关系图 1.HDI多层板发展特点对高性能覆铜板技术进步的影响1.1 HDI多层板的问世,对传统PCB技术及其基板材料技术是一个严峻挑战20世纪90年代初,出现新一代高密度互连(High Density Interconnection,简称为 HDI)印制电路板——积层法多层板(Build—Up Multiplayer printed board,简称为 BUM)的最早开发成果。它的问世是全世界几十年的印制电路板技术发展历程中的重大事件。积层法多层板即HDI多层板,至今仍是发展HDI的PCB的最好、最普遍的产品形式。在HDI多层板之上,将最新PCB尖端技术体现得淋漓尽致。HDI多层板产品结构具有三大突出的特征:“微孔、细线、薄层化”。其中“微孔”是它的结构特点中核心与灵魂。因此,现又将这类HDI多层板称作为“微孔板”。HDI多层板已经历了十几年的发展历程,但它在技术上仍充满着朝气蓬勃的活力,在市场上仍有着前程广阔的空间。
上传时间: 2013-11-19
上传用户:zczc
第一步,拿到一块PCB,首先在纸上记录好所有元气件的型号,参数,以及位置,尤其是二极管,三机管的方向,IC缺口的方向。最好用数码相机拍两张元气件位置的照片。第二步,拆掉所有器件,并且将PAD孔里的锡去掉。用酒精将PCB清洗干净,然后放入扫描仪内,启动POHTOSHOP,用彩色方式将丝印面扫入,并打印出来备用。第三步,用水纱纸将TOP LAYER 和BOTTOM LAYER两层轻微打磨,打磨到铜膜发亮,放入扫描仪,启动PHOTOSHOP,用彩色方式将两层分别扫入。注意,PCB在扫描仪内摆放一定要横平树直,否则扫描的图象就无法使用。第四步,调整画布的对比度,明暗度,使有铜膜的部分和没有铜膜的部分对比强烈,然后将次图转为黑白色,检查线条是否清晰,如果不清晰,则重复本步骤。如果清晰,将图存为黑白BMP格式文件TOP.BMP和BOT.BMP。第五步,将两个BMP格式的文件分别转为PROTEL格式文件,在PROTEL中调入两层,如过两层的PAD和VIA的位置基本重合,表明前几个步骤做的很好,如果有偏差,则重复第三步。第六,将TOP。BMP转化为TOP。PCB,注意要转化到SILK层,就是黄色的那层,然后你在TOP层描线就是了,并且根据第二步的图纸放置器件。画完后将SILK层删掉。 第七步,将BOT。BMP转化为BOT。PCB,注意要转化到SILK层,就是黄色的那层,然后你在BOT层描线就是了。画完后将SILK层删掉。第八步,在PROTEL中将TOP。PCB和BOT。PCB调入,合为一个图就OK了。第九步,用激光打印机将TOP LAYER, BOTTOM LAYER分别打印到透明胶片上(1:1的比例),把胶片放到那块PCB上,比较一下是否有误,如果没错,你就大功告成了。
上传时间: 2013-11-24
上传用户:ynzfm
protel99se 软件安装版,带SP6,汉化工具,挺好用的,本人一直用这个PROTEL99SE的版本.
上传时间: 2013-11-02
上传用户:xhwst
上图为protel99se setup安装图片。此版本为protel99se软件,里面包含有汉化工具,可以直接进行汉化。内含注册信息。并可以免费下载。 使用序列号:SerialNo:NG9A-JVDN-Z4SK-CTTP
上传时间: 2013-11-11
上传用户:tianming222
PCB LAYOUT 術語解釋(TERMS)1. COMPONENT SIDE(零件面、正面)︰大多數零件放置之面。2. SOLDER SIDE(焊錫面、反面)。3. SOLDER MASK(止焊膜面)︰通常指Solder Mask Open 之意。4. TOP PAD︰在零件面上所設計之零件腳PAD,不管是否鑽孔、電鍍。5. BOTTOM PAD:在銲錫面上所設計之零件腳PAD,不管是否鑽孔、電鍍。6. POSITIVE LAYER:單、雙層板之各層線路;多層板之上、下兩層線路及內層走線皆屬之。7. NEGATIVE LAYER:通常指多層板之電源層。8. INNER PAD:多層板之POSITIVE LAYER 內層PAD。9. ANTI-PAD:多層板之NEGATIVE LAYER 上所使用之絕緣範圍,不與零件腳相接。10. THERMAL PAD:多層板內NEGATIVE LAYER 上必須零件腳時所使用之PAD,一般稱為散熱孔或導通孔。11. PAD (銲墊):除了SMD PAD 外,其他PAD 之TOP PAD、BOTTOM PAD 及INNER PAD 之形狀大小皆應相同。12. Moat : 不同信號的 Power& GND plane 之間的分隔線13. Grid : 佈線時的走線格點2. Test Point : ATE 測試點供工廠ICT 測試治具使用ICT 測試點 LAYOUT 注意事項:PCB 的每條TRACE 都要有一個作為測試用之TEST PAD(測試點),其原則如下:1. 一般測試點大小均為30-35mil,元件分布較密時,測試點最小可至30mil.測試點與元件PAD 的距離最小為40mil。2. 測試點與測試點間的間距最小為50-75mil,一般使用75mil。密度高時可使用50mil,3. 測試點必須均勻分佈於PCB 上,避免測試時造成板面受力不均。4. 多層板必須透過貫穿孔(VIA)將測試點留於錫爐著錫面上(Solder Side)。5. 測試點必需放至於Bottom Layer6. 輸出test point report(.asc 檔案powerpcb v3.5)供廠商分析可測率7. 測試點設置處:Setuppadsstacks
上传时间: 2013-11-17
上传用户:cjf0304
This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10- layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in card attached through a connector. This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect. However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations. Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to ensure compliance to all applicable specifications. The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
上传时间: 2014-01-24
上传用户:s363994250