#include<iom16v.h> #include<macros.h> #define uint unsigned int #define uchar unsigned char uint a,b,c,d=0; void delay(c) { for for(a=0;a<c;a++) for(b=0;b<12;b++); }; uchar tab[]={ 0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90,
上传时间： 2013-10-21
上传用户：13788529953
引言 在数字信息传输中，基带数字信号通常要经过调制器调制，将频率搬移到适合信息传输的频段上。2FSK就是用数字信号去调制载波的频率（移频键控），由于它具有方法简单、易于实现、抗噪声和抗衰落性能较强等优点，因此在现代数字通信系统的低、中速数据传输中得到了广泛应用。 直接数字频率合成技术(DDS)将先进的数字处理技术与方法引入信号合成领域。DDS器件采用高速数字电路和高速D/A转换技术，具备频率转换时间短、频率分辨率高、频率稳定度高、输出信号频率和相位可快速程控切换等优点，可以实现对信号的全数字式调制。
上传时间： 2014-12-27
上传用户：1427796291
PIC系列单片机手册 第1 章 简介 1-1简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 1-2本手册的宗旨 ................................................................................................................................................... 1-3器件结构 .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-4开发支持 .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-6器件种类 .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-7格式和符号的约定 ......................................................................................................................................... 1-12相关文档 ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-14相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 1-17版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-18第2 章 振荡器 2-1简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-2振荡器配置 ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-2晶体振荡器 / 陶瓷谐振器 ................................................................................................................................. 2-4外部RC 振荡器 ............................................................................................................................................. 2-124MHz 内部 RC 振荡器 ................................................................................................................................... 2-13休眠模式对片内振荡器的影响 ........................................................................................................................ 2-17器件复位对片内振荡器的影响 ........................................................................................................................ 2-17设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-18相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 2-19版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-20第3 章 复位 3-1简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 3-2上电复位、上电延时定时器、 起振定时器、欠压复位和奇偶校验错误复位 ...................................................... 3-4寄存器和状态位的值 ...................................................................................................................................... 3-10设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-16相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-17版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-18 第4 章 架构 4-1简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 4-2时序图/ 指令周期 ............................................................................................................................................ 4-5指令流/ 流水线 ................................................................................................................................................ 4-6I/O 端口描述 .................................................................................................................................................... 4-7设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 4-12相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 4-13版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 4-14 第5 章 CPU 和ALU 5-1简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 5-2指令的一般格式 ............................................................................................................................................... 5-4中央处理单元（CPU） .................................................................................................................................... 5-4指令时钟 .......................................................................................................................................................... 5-4算术逻辑单元（ALU） .................................................................................................................................... 5-5状态寄存器 ...................................................................................................................................................... 5-6OPTION_REG 寄存器 ..................................................................................................................................... 5-8电源控制寄存器 ............................................................................................................................................... 5-9设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-10相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 5-11版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-12第6 章 存储器构成 6-1简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 6-2程序存储器构成 ............................................................................................................................................... 6-2数据存储器构成 ............................................................................................................................................... 6-8初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 6-14设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-16相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 6-17版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-18第7 章 数据EEPROM 7-1简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 7-2控制寄存器 ...................................................................................................................................................... 7-3EEADR ............................................................................................................................................................ 7-4EECON1 和EECON2 寄存器 .......................................................................................................................... 7-4从EEPROM 数据存储器中读数据 .................................................................................................................... 7-5向EEPROM 数据存储器中写数据 .................................................................................................................... 7-5写校验 ............................................................................................................................................................. 7-6误写操作保护 ................................................................................................................................................... 7-7代码保护配置下的数据EEPROM 操作 ............................................................................................................. 7-7初始化 ............................................................................................................................................................. 7-7设计技巧 .......................................................................................................................................................... 7-8相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................... 7-9版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 7-10第8 章 中断 8-1简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 8-2控制寄存器 ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-5中断响应延时 ................................................................................................................................................. 8-10INT 和外部中断 .............................................................................................................................................. 8-10中断的现场保护 ............................................................................................................................................. 8-11初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 8-14设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 8-16相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 8-17版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 8-18第9 章 I/O 端口 9-1简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 9-2PORTA 和TRISA 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-4PORTB 和TRISB 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-6PORTC 和TRISC 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-8PORTD 和TRISD 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-9PORTE 和TRISE 寄存器 ............................................................................................................................... 9-10PORTF 和 TRISF 寄存器 ............................................................................................................................... 9-11PORTG 和TRISG 寄存器 .............................................................................................................................. 9-12GPIO 和TRISGP 寄存器 ............................................................................................................................... 9-13I/O 编程注意事项 ........................................................................................................................................... 9-14初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 9-16设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 9-17相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 9-19版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 9-20第10 章 并行从动端口 10-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 10-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 10-3操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 10-4休眠模式下的操作 ......................................................................................................................................... 10-5复位的影响 .................................................................................................................................................... 10-5PSP 波形 ....................................................................................................................................................... 10-5设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 10-6相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 10-7版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 10-8 第11 章 TIMER0 11-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 11-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 11-3操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 11-4TMR0 中断 .................................................................................................................................................... 11-5Timer0 外部时钟的使用 ................................................................................................................................. 11-6TMR0 的预分频器 ......................................................................................................................................... 11-7设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 11-10相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 11-11版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 11-12第12 章 TIMER1 12-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 12-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 12-3Timer1 工作在定时器模式 ..............................................................................................................................12-4Timer1 工作在同步计数器模式 ....................................................................................................................... 12-4Timer1 工作在异步计数器模式 ....................................................................................................................... 12-5Timer1 振荡器 ............................................................................................................................................... 12-7休眠操作 ........................................................................................................................................................ 12-9用CCP 触发器的输出将Timer1 复位 ............................................................................................................. 12-9Timer1 寄存器（TMR1H:TMR1L）的复位 .................................................................................................... 12-9Timer1 预分频器 ............................................................................................................................................ 12-9初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 12-10设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 12-12相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 12-13版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 12-14第13 章 TIMER2 13-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 13-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 13-3定时器时钟源 ................................................................................................................................................. 13-4定时器TMR2 和PR2 周期寄存器 .................................................................................................................. 13-4TMR2 匹配输出 ............................................................................................................................................. 13-4将Timer2 的预分频器和后分频器清零 ........................................................................................................... 13-4休眠操作 ........................................................................................................................................................ 13-4初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 13-5设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 13-6相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 13-7版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 13-8第14 章 比较/ 捕捉/ 脉宽调制(CCP) 14-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 14-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 14-3捕捉模式 ........................................................................................................................................................ 14-4比较模式 ........................................................................................................................................................ 14-6PWM 模式 ..................................................................................................................................................... 14-8初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 14-12设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 14-15相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 14-17版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 14-18第15 章 同步串行口（SSP） 15-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 15-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 15-3SPITM 模式 .................................................................................................................................................... 15-6SSP 模块的I2CTM 操作 ............................................................................................................................... 15-16初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 15-26设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 15-28相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 15-29版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 15-30第16 章 基本同步串行口（BSSP） 16-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 16-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 16-3SPITM 模式 .................................................................................................................................................... 16-6SSP 模块 的I2CTM 操作 ............................................................................................................................... 16-15初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 16-23设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 16-24相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 16-25版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 16-26第17 章 主同步串行口（MSSP） 17-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 17-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 17-4SPITM 模式 .................................................................................................................................................... 17-9SSP 模块的 I2C™ 操作 ............................................................................................................................... 17-18I2CTM 总线的连接注意事项 ........................................................................................................................... 17-56初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 17-57设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 17-58相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 17-59版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 17-60第18 章 USART 18-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 18-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 18-3USART 波特率发生器（BRG） ..................................................................................................................... 18-5USART 异步工作模式 ................................................................................................................................... 18-8USART 同步主控模式 .................................................................................................................................. 18-15USART 同步从动模式 ................................................................................................................................. 18-19初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 18-21设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 18-22相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 18-23版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 18-24第19 章 参考电压模块 19-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 19-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 19-3配置参考电压 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-4参考电压精度 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-5休眠模式下的操作 ......................................................................................................................................... 19-5复位的影响 .................................................................................................................................................... 19-5连接注意事项 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-6初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 19-7设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 19-8相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-9版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 19-10第20 章 比较器 20-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 20-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-3设置比较器模式 ............................................................................................................................................. 20-4比较器工作原理 ............................................................................................................................................. 20-6比较器参考源 ................................................................................................................................................. 20-6比较器的响应时间 ......................................................................................................................................... 20-8比较器输出 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-8比较器中断 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-9休眠状态下比较器的操作 ............................................................................................................................... 20-9复位的影响 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-9模拟输入连接方式注意事项 .......................................................................................................................... 20-10初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 20-11设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20-12相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 20-13版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20-14第21 章 8 位A/D 转换器 21-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 21-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 21-3操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 21-5A/D 采集时间要求 .......................................................................................................................................... 21-6A/D 转换时钟的选择 ...................................................................................................................................... 21-8配置模拟输入端口 ......................................................................................................................................... 21-9A/D 转换 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-10休眠期间的A/D 转换 ................................................................................................................................... 21-12A/D 精度/ 误差 ............................................................................................................................................ 21-13复位对A/D 转换的影响 ................................................................................................................................ 21-13CCP 触发器的使用 ...................................................................................................................................... 21-14连接注意事项 ............................................................................................................................................... 21-14传递函数 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-14初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 21-15设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-16相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 21-17版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-18第22 章 基本型8 位A/D 转换器 22-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 22-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 22-3A/D 采集时间要求 .......................................................................................................................................... 22-6A/D 转换时钟的选择 ...................................................................................................................................... 22-8配置模拟输入端口 ....................................................................................................................................... 22-10A/D 转换 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-11休眠期间的A/D 转换 ................................................................................................................................... 22-14A/D 转换精度/ 误差 ..................................................................................................................................... 22-15复位对A/D 转换的影响 ................................................................................................................................ 22-16连接时的考虑事项 ....................................................................................................................................... 22-16传递函数 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-16初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 22-17设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-18相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 22-19版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-20第23 章 10 位A/D 转换器 23-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 23-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 23-3操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 23-5A/D 采集时间要求 .......................................................................................................................................... 23-6A/D 转换时钟的选择 ...................................................................................................................................... 23-8模拟输入引脚的设置 ...................................................................................................................................... 23-9A/D 转换的编程举例 .................................................................................................................................... 23-10休眠期间的A/D 转换 ................................................................................................................................... 23-14复位对A/D 转换的影响 ................................................................................................................................ 23-14A/D 转换精度与误差 .................................................................................................................................... 23-15连接时的考虑事项 ....................................................................................................................................... 23-16传递函数 ...................................................................................................................................................... 23-16初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 23-17设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 23-18相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 23-19版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 23-20第24 章 积分型A/D 转换器 24-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 24-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 24-3转换过程 ........................................................................................................................................................ 24-6其它模拟模块 ............................................................................................................................................... 24-12校准参数 ...................................................................................................................................................... 24-13设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 24-14相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 24-15版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 24-16第25 章 LCD 25-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 25-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 25-3LCD 定时 ....................................................................................................................................................... 25-6LCD 中断 ..................................................................................................................................................... 25-12像素控制 ...................................................................................................................................................... 25-13电压发生器 .................................................................................................................................................. 25-15休眠模式下的操作 ....................................................................................................................................... 25-16复位的影响 .................................................................................................................................................. 25-17LCD 模块的设置 .......................................................................................................................................... 25-17判别比 ......................................................................................................................................................... 25-18LCD 电压发生器 .......................................................................................................................................... 25-20对比度 ......................................................................................................................................................... 25-22LCD 玻璃基板 .............................................................................................................................................. 25-22初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 25-23设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 25-24相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 25-25版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 25-26第26 章 看门狗定时器与休眠模式 26-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 26-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 26-3看门狗定时器（WDT）的操作 ....................................................................................................................... 26-4休眠省电模式 ................................................................................................................................................. 26-7初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 26-9设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 26-10相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 26-11版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 26-12第27 章 器件配置位 27-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 27-2配置字位 ........................................................................................................................................................ 27-4编程校验/ 代码保护 ....................................................................................................................................... 27-8识别码ID 的位置 ........................................................................................................................................... 27-9设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 27-10相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 27-11版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 27-12第28 章 在线串行编程 28-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 28-2进入在线串行编程模式 .................................................................................................................................. 28-3应用电路 ........................................................................................................................................................ 28-4编程器 ........................................................................................................................................................... 28-6编程环境 ........................................................................................................................................................ 28-6其它优点 ........................................................................................................................................................ 28-7PICmicro® OTP 型单片机的现场编程 ............................................................................................................. 28-8FLASH 型 PICmicro® 单片机的现场编程 ...................................................................................................... 28-10设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 28-12相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 28-13版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 28-14第29 章 指令集 29-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 29-2指令格式 ........................................................................................................................................................ 29-4作为源/ 目标寄存器的特殊功能寄存器 ........................................................................................................... 29-6Q 周期操作 .................................................................................................................................................... 29-7指令描述 ........................................................................................................................................................ 29-8设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 29-45相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 29-47版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 29-48第30 章 电气规范 30-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 30-2绝对最大值 .................................................................................................................................................... 30-3器件选型表 .................................................................................................................................................... 30-4器件电压规范 ................................................................................................................................................. 30-5器件电流特性 ................................................................................................................................................. 30-6输入阈值电平 ................................................................................................................................................. 30-9I/O 电流特性 ................................................................................................................................................ 30-10输出驱动电压 ............................................................................................................................................... 30-11I/O 引脚的容性负载 ..................................................................................................................................... 30-12数据EEPROM / 闪存 .................................................................................................................................. 30-13LCD ............................................................................................................................................................. 30-14比较器和参考电压 ....................................................................................................................................... 30-15时序参数符号 ............................................................................................................................................... 30-16外部时钟时序波形图和时序要求示例 ............................................................................................................ 30-17上电和复位时序波形图及要求示例 ............................................................................................................... 30-19定时器Timer0 和Timer1 时序波形图及要求示例 ......................................................................................... 30-20CCP 的时序图及要求 ................................................................................................................................... 30-21并行从动端口 (PSP) 时序图及要求 .............................................................................................................. 30-22SSP 和 MSSP SPITM 模式时序波形图及要求示例 ....................................................................................... 30-23SSP I2CTM 模式时序波形图及要求示例 ........................................................................................................ 30-27MSSP I2CTM 模式时序波形图及要求示例 ..................................................................................................... 30-30USART/SCI 时序波形图及要求示例 ............................................................................................................. 30-328 位 A/D 时序波形图及要求示例 ................................................................................................................... 30-3410 位A/D 时序波形图及要求示例 ................................................................................................................. 30-36积分型A/D 时序波形图及要求示例 ............................................................................................................... 30-38LCD 时序波形图及要求示例 ......................................................................................................................... 30-40相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 30-41版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 30-42第31 章 器件特性 31-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 31-2特性和电气规范 ............................................................................................................................................. 31-2DC 和AC 特性图表 ....................................................................................................................................... 31-2版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 31-22第32 章 开发工具 32-1简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 32-2集成开发环境（IDE） ................................................................................................................................... 32-3MPLAB® 软件语言支持 ................................................................................................................................. 32-6MPLAB® SIM 软件模拟器 ............................................................................................................................... 32-8MPLAB® 硬件仿真器支持 ............................................................................................................................... 32-9MPLAB® 编程器支持 ................................................................................................................................... 32-10辅助工具 ...................................................................................................................................................... 32-11开发板 ......................................................................................................................................................... 32-12针对其它Microchip 产品的开发工具 ............................................................................................................ 32-14相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 32-15版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 32-16第33 章 代码开发 33-1版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 33-2第34 章 附录 34-1I2CTM 概述...................................................................................................................................................... 34-2LCD 玻璃基板生产商.................................................................................................................................... 34-11改进的器件特性............................................................................................................................................ 34-13版本历史....................................................................................................................................................... 34-19第35 章 术语表 35-1版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 35-14目录
上传时间： 2013-11-15
上传用户：nanshan
Keil C51 V8 专业开发工具（PK51） PK51是为8051系列单片机所设计的开发工具，支持所有8051系列衍生产品，，支持带扩展存储器和扩展指令集（例如Dallas390/5240/400,Philips 51MX,Analog Devices MicroConverters）的新设备,以及支持很多公司的一流的设备和IP内核,比如Analog Devices, Atmel, Cypress Semiconductor, Dallas Semiconductor, Goal, Hynix, Infineon, Intel, NXP(founded by Philips), OKI, Silicon Labs,SMSC, STMicroeleectronics,Synopsis, TDK, Temic, Texas Instruments,Winbond等。 通过PK51专业级开发工具，可以轻松地了解8051的On-chip peripherals与及其它关键特性。 The PK51专业级开发工具包括… l μVision Ø 集成开发环境 Ø 调试器 Ø 软件模拟器 l Keil 8051扩展编译工具 Ø AX51宏汇编程序 Ø ANSI C编译工具 Ø LX51 连接器 Ø OHX51 Object-HEX 转换器 l Keil 8051编译工具 Ø A51宏汇编程序 Ø C51 ANSI C编译工具 Ø BL51 代码库连接器 Ø OHX51 Object-HEX 转换器 Ø OC51 集合目标转换器 l 目标调试器 Ø FlashMON51 目标监控器 Ø MON51目标监控器 Ø MON390 (Dallas 390)目标监控器 Ø MONADI (Analog Devices 812)目标监控器 Ø ISD51 在系统调试 l RTX51微实时内核 你应该考虑PK51开发工具包,如果你… l 需要用8051系列单片机来开发 l 需要开发 Dallas 390 或者 Philips 51MX代码 l 需要用C编写代码 l 需要一个软件模拟器或是没有硬件仿真器 l 需要在单芯片上基于小实时内核创建复杂的应用
上传时间： 2013-10-30
上传用户：yy_cn
多维多选择背包问题(MMKP)是0-1背包问题的延伸，背包核已经被用来设计解决背包问题的高效算法。目的是研究如何获得一种背包核，并以此高效处理多维多选择背包问题。首先给出了一种方法确定MMKP的核，然后阐述了利用核精确解决MMKP问题的B&B算法，列出了具体的算法步骤。在分析了算法的存储复杂度后，将算法在各种实例上的运行效果与目前解决MMKP问题的常用算法的运行效果进行了比较，发现本文的算法性能优于以往任何算法。
上传时间： 2013-11-20
上传用户：wangw7689
目录 第一章 传输线理论 一 传输线原理 二 微带传输线 三 微带传输线之不连续分析 第二章 被动组件之电感设计与分析 一 电感原理 二 电感结构与分析 三 电感设计与模拟 电感分析与量测
标签： 传输线
上传时间： 2013-11-21
上传用户：qb1993225
题目：利用条件运算符的嵌套来完成此题：学习成绩>=90分的同学用A表示，60-89分之间的用B表示，60分以下的用C表示。 1.程序分析：(a>b)?a:b这是条件运算符的基本例子。
上传时间： 2015-01-08
上传用户：lifangyuan12
The government of a small but important country has decided that the alphabet needs to be streamlined and reordered. Uppercase letters will be eliminated. They will issue a royal decree in the form of a String of B and A characters. The first character in the decree specifies whether a must come ( B )Before b in the new alphabet or ( A )After b . The second character determines the relative placement of b and c , etc. So, for example, "BAA" means that a must come Before b , b must come After c , and c must come After d . Any letters beyond these requirements are to be excluded, so if the decree specifies k comparisons then the new alphabet will contain the first k+1 lowercase letters of the current alphabet. Create a class Alphabet that contains the method choices that takes the decree as input and returns the number of possible new alphabets that conform to the decree. If more than 1,000,000,000 are possible, return -1. Definition
标签： government streamline important alphabet
上传时间： 2015-06-09
上传用户：weixiao99
上下文无关文法（Context-Free Grammar, CFG）是一个4元组G=(V, T, S, P)，其中，V和T是不相交的有限集，S∈V，P是一组有限的产生式规则集，形如A→α，其中A∈V，且α∈(V∪T)*。V的元素称为非终结符，T的元素称为终结符，S是一个特殊的非终结符，称为文法开始符。 设G=(V, T, S, P)是一个CFG，则G产生的语言是所有可由G产生的字符串组成的集合，即L(G)={x∈T* | Sx}。一个语言L是上下文无关语言（Context-Free Language, CFL），当且仅当存在一个CFG G，使得L=L(G)。 *⇒ 例如，设文法G：S→AB A→aA|a B→bB|b 则L(G)={a^nb^m | n,m>=1} 其中非终结符都是大写字母，开始符都是S，终结符都是小写字母。
标签： Context-Free Grammar CFG
上传时间： 2013-12-10
上传用户：gaojiao1999
We have a group of N items (represented by integers from 1 to N), and we know that there is some total order defined for these items. You may assume that no two elements will be equal (for all a, b: a<b or b<a). However, it is expensive to compare two items. Your task is to make a number of comparisons, and then output the sorted order. The cost of determining if a < b is given by the bth integer of element a of costs (space delimited), which is the same as the ath integer of element b. Naturally, you will be judged on the total cost of the comparisons you make before outputting the sorted order. If your order is incorrect, you will receive a 0. Otherwise, your score will be opt/cost, where opt is the best cost anyone has achieved and cost is the total cost of the comparisons you make (so your score for a test case will be between 0 and 1). Your score for the problem will simply be the sum of your scores for the individual test cases.
标签： represented integers group items
上传时间： 2016-01-17
上传用户：jeffery
