This program includes: [5 7] convolutional code (encoder) + BPSK + AWGN + MAP (decoder). It evaluates Bit Error Rate and plots it versus SNR(signal to Noise Ratio).
标签： convolutional includes program encoder
上传时间： 2015-12-24
上传用户：bruce5996
We address the problem of blind carrier frequency-offset (CFO) estimation in quadrature amplitude modulation, phase-shift keying, and pulse amplitude modulation communications systems.We study the performance of a standard CFO estimate, which consists of first raising the received signal to the Mth power, where M is an integer depending on the type and size of the symbol constellation, and then applying the nonlinear least squares (NLLS) estimation approach. At low signal-to noise ratio (SNR), the NLLS method fails to provide an accurate CFO estimate because of the presence of outliers. In this letter, we derive an approximate closed-form expression for the outlier probability. This enables us to predict the mean-square error (MSE) on CFO estimation for all SNR values. For a given SNR, the new results also give insight into the minimum number of samples required in the CFO estimation procedure, in order to ensure that the MSE on estimation is not significantly affected by the outliers.
标签： frequency-offset estimation quadrature amplitude
上传时间： 2014-01-22
上传用户：牛布牛
The investigation of the propagation channel is becoming more and more important in mod- ern wireless communication. The demand for spectral efficiency motivates exploitation of all channels that can possibly be used for communications. Nowadays, a common trend for designing physical layer algorithms is to adapt the transceiving strategy, either by maximizing the diversity gains or by utilizing the coherence of the channels to improve the signal-to-noise power ratio.
标签： Characterization Propagation Channel
上传时间： 2020-05-31
上传用户：shancjb
为了提高超高频RFID系统中阅读器在低信噪比的情况下仍具有较高的识别能力,提出一种基于FPGA系统结合软件无线电方法实现超高频RFID射频前端电路方案。超高频射频识别系统必须符合EPC Class 1generation 2标准,所设计的电路系统以Xilinx公司的XC6SLX16-2CSG324FPGA芯片为硬件基础,将数字基带调制解调和中频滤波电路在FPGA系统中设计实现,重点阐述了射频前端电路的设计结构、AD/DA转换电路,以及数字滤波器的设计。实验结果表明,所设计的超高频RFID阅读器简化了前端电路系统结构,提升了稳定性,增强了抗干扰能力。该电路系统在信噪比较低的情况下,能够较好地实现915MHz频率的射频接收和发送。In order to improve the reader UHF RFID system still has a higher ability to identify,in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio.The UHF RFID systems must comply with EPC Class 1 generation 2 standard.In this paper,the design of the circuit system based on Xilinx＇s XC6SLX16-2CSG324 FPGA chip,and presents UHF RFID RF front-end circuit with software radio based on FPGA system.Digital baseband modem and IF filter circuit is designed and implemented in the FPGA system,and focused on designing the structure of the RF front-end circuit,AD/DA conversion circuits,and digital filter.Experimental results show that the UHF RFID reader de...
标签： 915mhz 超高频 rfid 阅读 射频 前端 电路 设计
上传时间： 2022-04-17
上传用户：shjgzh
All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The effect of the implemented Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.For input signals, which do not provide the required rise/fall times, external circuitry mustbe used to shape the signal transitions.In the attached diagram, the effect of the sample rate is shown. The numbers 1 to 5 in thediagram represent possible sample points. Waveform a) shows the result if the inputsignal transition time through the undefined TTL-level area is less than the time distancebetween the sample points (sampling at 1, 2, 3, and 4). Waveform b) can be the result ifthe sampling is performed more than once within the undefined area (sampling at 1, 2, 5,3, and 4).Sample points:1. Evaluation of the signal clearly results in a low level2. Either a low or a high level can be sampled here. If low is sampled, no transition willbe detected. If the sample results in a high level, a transition is detected, and anappropriate action (e.g. capture) might take place.3. Evaluation here clearly results in a high level. If the previous sample 2) had alreadydetected a high, there is no change. If the previous sample 2) showed a low, atransition from low to high is detected now.
上传时间： 2013-10-23
上传用户：copu
随着光伏发电系统快速发展,以及电动汽车充电桩的普及,传统的剩余电流保护器无法满足实际需求。介绍了一款B型剩余电流保护器,采用磁调制剩余电流互感器和零序电流互感器采集剩余电流。根据GB/T 22794—2017标准要求,可识别1 kHz及以下的正弦交流、带和不带直流分量的脉动直流、平滑直流等剩余电流信号。经信号调理电路将电压信号送到单片机进行采集和判断。通过试验测试,该样机在测试精度和速度上均符合国家标准的相关要求。The rapid development of photovoltaic power generation systems and the popularity of electric vehicle charging piles make the traditional residual current protective devices unable to meet the actual demand.This paper proposed a type B residual current protective device,which uses the magnetically modulated residual current transformer and the zero sequence current transformer to acquire the residual current.According to the requirements of GB/T 22794—2017,the type B residual current protective device can detect sinusoidal AC residual current of 1kHz and below 1kHz,pulsating DC residual current with and without DC component,smooth DC residual current and so on.The signal processing circuit sends the voltage signal to the MCU for acquisition and judgment.Through experimental tests,the device meets the relevant requirements of national standards in terms of test accuracy and speed.
标签： 电流保护器
上传时间： 2022-03-27
上传用户：
This demonstration illustrates the application of adaptive filters to signal separation using a structure called an adaptive line enhancer (ALE). In adaptive line enhancement, a measured signal x(n) contains two signals, an unknown signal of interest v(n), and a nearly-periodic noise signal eta(n). The goal is to remove the noise signal from the measured signal to obtain the signal of interest.
标签： demonstration application illustrates separation
上传时间： 2014-09-08
上传用户：2525775
· 摘要： MATLAB是一种建立在向量、数组、矩阵基础上,面向科学和工程计算的高级语言,为科学研究和工程计算提供了一个方便有效的工具.该文简要介绍了B样条和B样条小波的构成,并利用MATLAB语言编写了绘制任意阶B样条和B样条小波图形的程序.
上传时间： 2013-04-24
上传用户：sqq
WHAT MIME64 IS: MIME64 is an encoding described in RFC1341 as MIME base64.Its purpose is to encode binary files into ASCII so that they may be passedthrough e-mail gates. In this regard, MIME64 is similar to UUENCODE.Although most binaries these days are transmitted using UUENCODE, Ihave seen a few using MIME64, and I have had requests from friends thatI decode MIME64 files that have fallen into their hands. As long assome MIME64 continues to exist, a package such as this one is usefulto have.
标签： MIME described 64 encoding
上传时间： 2013-12-17
上传用户：maizezhen
剖析Intel IA32 架构下C 语言及CPU 浮点数机制 Version 0.01 哈尔滨工业大学 谢煜波 （email: xieyubo@126.com 网址:http://purec.binghua.com） （QQ:13916830 哈工大紫丁香BBSID:iamxiaohan） 前言 这两天翻看一本C 语言书的时候，发现上面有一段这样写到 例：将同一实型数分别赋值给单精度实型和双精度实型，然后打印输出。 #include <stdio.h> main() { float a double b a = 123456.789e4 b = 123456.789e4 printf(“％f\n％f\n”,a,b) } 运行结果如下：
标签： Version xieyubo Intel email
上传时间： 2013-12-25
上传用户：徐孺
