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  • 电网现场作业管理系统的信息化设计

    为了改变目前电网现场作业管理的变电巡检、变电检修试验、输电线路巡检检修等管理系统各自独立运行,信息不能共享,功能、效率受限,建设和维护成本高的现状,提出了采用B/S+C/S构架模式,将各现场作业管理模块和生产MIS(管理系统)集成为一体的现场作业管理系统的设计方案,做到各子系统和生产MIS软硬资源共享,做到同一数据唯一入口、一处录入多处使用。各子系统设备人员等基础信息来源于生产管理系统,各子系统又是生产管理系统的作业数据、缺陷信息的重要来源。经过研究试用成功和推广应用,目前该系统已在江西电网220 kV及以上变电站全面应用。 Abstract:  In order to improve the status that the substation field inspection system, substation equipments maintenance and testing system, power-line inspection and maintenance system are running independent with each other. They can?蒺t share the resource information which accordingly constrains their functions and efficiency, and their construction and maintenance costs are high. This paper introduces a field standardized work management system based on B/S+C/S mode, integrating all field work management systems based on MIS and share the equipments and employee?蒺s data of MIS,the field work data of the sub systems are the source information of MIS, by which the same single data resouce with one-time input can be utilized in multiple places. After the research and testing, this system is triumphantly using in all 220kV and above substations in Jiangxi grid.

    标签: 电网 信息化 管理系统

    上传时间: 2013-11-15

    上传用户:han_zh

  • 用C51实现无功补偿中电容组循环投切的算法

    介绍了用单片机C 语言实现无功补偿中电容组循环投切的基本原理和算法,并举例说明。关键词:循环投切;C51;无功补偿中图分类号: TM76 文献标识码: BAbstract: This paper introduces the aplication of C51 in the controlling of capacitorsuits cycle powered to be on and off in reactive compensation.it illustrate thefondamental principle and algorithm with example.Key words: cycle powered to be on and off; C51; reactive compensation 为提高功率因数,往往采用补偿电容的方法来实现。而电容器的容量是由实时功率因数与标准值进行比较来决定的,实时功率因数小于标准值时,需投入电容组,实时功率因数大于标准值时,则需切除电容组。投切方式的不合理,会对电容器造成损坏,现有的控制器多采用“顺序投切”方式,在这种投切方式下排序在前的电容器组,先投后切;而后面的却后投先切。这不仅使处于前面的电容组经常处于运行状态,积累热量不易散失,影响其使用寿命,而且使后面的投切开关经常动作,同样减少寿命。合理的投切方式应为“循环投切”。这种投切方式使先投入的运行的电容组先退出,后投的后切除,从而使各组电容及投切开关使用机率均等,降低了电容组的平均运行温度,减少了投切开关的动作次数,延长了其使用寿命。

    标签: C51 无功补偿 循环 电容

    上传时间: 2014-12-27

    上传用户:hopy

  • PCA9549 Octal bus switch with

    The PCA9549 provides eight bits of high speed TTL-compatible bus switching controlledby the I2C-bus. The low ON-state resistance of the switch allows connections to be madewith minimal propagation delay. Any individual A to B channel or combination of channelscan be selected via the I2C-bus, determined by the contents of the programmable Controlregister. When the I2C-bus bit is HIGH (logic 1), the switch is on and data can flow fromPort A to Port B, or vice versa. When the I2C-bus bit is LOW (logic 0), the switch is open,creating a high-impedance state between the two ports, which stops the data flow.An active LOW reset input (RESET) allows the PCA9549 to recover from a situationwhere the I2C-bus is stuck in a LOW state. Pulling the RESET pin LOW resets the I2C-busstate machine and causes all the bits to be open, as does the internal power-on resetfunction.

    标签: switch Octal 9549 with

    上传时间: 2014-11-22

    上传用户:xcy122677

  • 单片机音乐中音调和节拍的确定方法

    单片机音乐中音调和节拍的确定方法:调号-音乐上指用以确定乐曲主音高度的符号。很明显一个八度就有12个半音。A、B、C、D、E、F、G。经过声学家的研究,全世界都用这些字母来表示固定的音高。比如,A这个音,标准的音高为每秒钟振动440周。 升C调:1=#C,也就是降D调:1=BD;277(频率)升D调:1=#D,也就是降E调:1=BE;311升F调:1=#F,也就是降G调:1=BG;369升G调:1=#G,也就是降A调:1=BA;415升A调:1=#A,也就是降B调:1=BB。466,C 262   #C277   D 294   #D(bE)311  E 330   F 349   #F369   G 392  #G415A 440.    #A466    B 494 所谓1=A,就是说,这首歌曲的“导”要唱得同A一样高,人们也把这首歌曲叫做A调歌曲,或叫“唱A调”。1=C,就是说,这首歌曲的“导”要唱得同C一样高,或者说“这歌曲唱C调”。同样是“导”,不同的调唱起来的高低是不一样的。各调的对应的标准频率为: 单片机演奏音乐时音调和节拍的确定方法 经常看到一些刚学单片机的朋友对单片机演奏音乐比较有兴趣,本人也曾是这样。在此,本人将就这方面的知识做一些简介,但愿能对单片机演奏音乐比较有兴趣而又不知其解的朋友能有所启迪。 一般说来,单片机演奏音乐基本都是单音频率,它不包含相应幅度的谐波频率,也就是说不能象电子琴那样能奏出多种音色的声音。因此单片机奏乐只需弄清楚两个概念即可,也就是“音调”和“节拍”。音调表示一个音符唱多高的频率,节拍表示一个音符唱多长的时间。 在音乐中所谓“音调”,其实就是我们常说的“音高”。在音乐中常把中央C上方的A音定为标准音高,其频率f=440Hz。当两个声音信号的频率相差一倍时,也即f2=2f1时,则称f2比f1高一个倍频程, 在音乐中1(do)与 ,2(来)与 ……正好相差一个倍频程,在音乐学中称它相差一个八度音。在一个八度音内,有12个半音。以1—i八音区为例, 12个半音是:1—#1、#1—2、2—#2、#2—3、3—4、4—#4,#4—5、5一#5、#5—6、6—#6、#6—7、7—i。这12个音阶的分度基本上是以对数关系来划分的。如果我们只要知道了这十二个音符的音高,也就是其基本音调的频率,我们就可根据倍频程的关系得到其他音符基本音调的频率。 知道了一个音符的频率后,怎样让单片机发出相应频率的声音呢?一般说来,常采用的方法就是通过单片机的定时器定时中断,将单片机上对应蜂鸣器的I/O口来回取反,或者说来回清零,置位,从而让蜂鸣器发出声音,为了让单片机发出不同频率的声音,我们只需将定时器予置不同的定时值就可实现。那么怎样确定一个频率所对应的定时器的定时值呢?以标准音高A为例:   A的频率f = 440 Hz,其对应的周期为:T = 1/ f = 1/440 =2272μs 由上图可知,单片机上对应蜂鸣器的I/O口来回取反的时间应为:t = T/2 = 2272/2 = 1136μs这个时间t也就是单片机上定时器应有的中断触发时间。一般情况下,单片机奏乐时,其定时器为工作方式1,它以振荡器的十二分频信号为计数脉冲。设振荡器频率为f0,则定时器的予置初值由下式来确定:    t = 12 *(TALL – THL)/ f0 式中TALL = 216 = 65536,THL为定时器待确定的计数初值。因此定时器的高低计数器的初值为:     TH = THL / 256 = ( TALL – t* f0/12) / 256    TL = THL % 256 = ( TALL – t* f0/12) %256  将t=1136μs代入上面两式(注意:计算时应将时间和频率的单位换算一致),即可求出标准音高A在单片机晶振频率f0=12Mhz,定时器在工作方式1下的定时器高低计数器的予置初值为 :    TH440Hz = (65536 – 1136 * 12/12) /256 = FBH    TL440Hz = (65536 – 1136 * 12/12)%256 = 90H根据上面的求解方法,我们就可求出其他音调相应的计数器的予置初值。 音符的节拍我们可以举例来说明。在一张乐谱中,我们经常会看到这样的表达式,如1=C  、1=G …… 等等,这里1=C,1=G表示乐谱的曲调,和我们前面所谈的音调有很大的关联, 、 就是用来表示节拍的。以 为例加以说明,它表示乐谱中以四分音符为节拍,每一小结有三拍。比如:      其中1 、2 为一拍,3、4、5为一拍,6为一拍共三拍。1 、2的时长为四分音符的一半,即为八分音符长,3、4的时长为八分音符的一半,即为十六分音符长,5的时长为四分音符的一半,即为八分音符长,6的时长为四分音符长。那么一拍到底该唱多长呢?一般说来,如果乐曲没有特殊说明,一拍的时长大约为400—500ms 。我们以一拍的时长为400ms为例,则当以四分音符为节拍时,四分音符的时长就为400ms,八分音符的时长就为200ms,十六分音符的时长就为100ms。可见,在单片机上控制一个音符唱多长可采用循环延时的方法来实现。首先,我们确定一个基本时长的延时程序,比如说以十六分音符的时长为基本延时时间,那么,对于一个音符,如果它为十六分音符,则只需调用一次延时程序,如果它为八分音符,则只需调用二次延时程序,如果它为四分音符,则只需调用四次延时程序,依次类推。通过上面关于一个音符音调和节拍的确定方法,我们就可以在单片机上实现演奏音乐了。具体的实现方法为:将乐谱中的每个音符的音调及节拍变换成相应的音调参数和节拍参数,将他们做成数据表格,存放在存储器中,通过程序取出一个音符的相关参数,播放该音符,该音符唱完后,接着取出下一个音符的相关参数……,如此直到播放完毕最后一个音符,根据需要也可循环不停地播放整个乐曲。另外,对于乐曲中的休止符,一般将其音调参数设为FFH,FFH,其节拍参数与其他音符的节拍参数确定方法一致,乐曲结束用节拍参数为00H来表示。下面给出部分音符(三个八度音)的频率以及以单片机晶振频率f0=12Mhz,定时器在工作方式1下的定时器高低计数器的予置初值 : C调音符  频率Hz 262 277 293 311 329 349 370 392 415 440 466 494TH/TL F88B F8F2 F95B F9B7 FA14 FA66 FAB9 FB03 FB4A FB8F FBCF FC0BC调音符 1 1# 2 2# 3 4 4# 5 5# 6 6# 7频率Hz 523 553 586 621 658 697 739 783 830 879 931 987TH/TL FC43 FC78 FCAB FCDB FD08 FD33 FD5B FD81 FDA5 FDC7 FDE7 FE05C调音符  频率Hz 1045 1106 1171 1241 1316 1393 1476 1563 1658 1755 1860 1971TH/TL FB21 FE3C FE55 FE6D FE84 FE99 FEAD FEC0 FE02 FEE3 FEF3 FF02

    标签: 单片机 音调

    上传时间: 2013-10-20

    上传用户:哈哈haha

  • Input Signal Rise and Fall Tim

    All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The effect of the implemented Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.For input signals, which do not provide the required rise/fall times, external circuitry mustbe used to shape the signal transitions.In the attached diagram, the effect of the sample rate is shown. The numbers 1 to 5 in thediagram represent possible sample points. Waveform a) shows the result if the inputsignal transition time through the undefined TTL-level area is less than the time distancebetween the sample points (sampling at 1, 2, 3, and 4). Waveform b) can be the result ifthe sampling is performed more than once within the undefined area (sampling at 1, 2, 5,3, and 4).Sample points:1. Evaluation of the signal clearly results in a low level2. Either a low or a high level can be sampled here. If low is sampled, no transition willbe detected. If the sample results in a high level, a transition is detected, and anappropriate action (e.g. capture) might take place.3. Evaluation here clearly results in a high level. If the previous sample 2) had alreadydetected a high, there is no change. If the previous sample 2) showed a low, atransition from low to high is detected now.

    标签: Signal Input Fall Rise

    上传时间: 2013-10-23

    上传用户:copu

  • 电子电路百科全书

    该电路集包括了从业界享有盛名的公司搜集到的大量最新电路,体现了丰富的设计思想。为便于读者理解和应用这些电路,本书几乎对每个电路都附有简要说明。$ C' I" t% P5 l3 V. l0 K, B 本书可供电子技术工作者、高等院校和中等专科学校师生、电子爱好者阅读和参考。( H& s, \, z6 ~% D: @

    标签: 电子电路 百科

    上传时间: 2013-10-19

    上传用户:songnanhua

  • autocad 2012 官方简体中文版下载

    AutoCAD是美国Autodesk公司首次于1982年生产的自动计算机辅助设计软件,用于二维绘图、详细绘制、设计文档和基本三维设计。Autodesk公司借助世界领先的二维和三维设计软件之一--AutoCAD ,软件中强大、灵活的功能,实现卓越的设计和造型。 AutoCAD 2012特点: (1)具有完善的图形绘制功能。 (2)有强大的图形编辑功能。 (3)可以采用多种方式进行二次开发或用户定制。 (4)可以进行多种图形格式的转换,具有较强的数据交换能力。 (5)支持多种硬件设备。 (6)支持多种操作平台。 (7)具有通用性、易用性,适用于各类用户此外,从AutoCAD2000开始,该系统又增添了许多强大的功能,如AutoCAD设计中心(ADC)、多文档设计环境。 AutoCAD 2012官方简体中文正式版安装说明: 1.启动安装 Autodesk AutoCAD 2012 2.输入AutoCAD安装序列号: 666-69696969, 667-98989898, 400-45454545 3.输入AutoCAD密匙: 001D1 4.完成安装,重启AutoCAD。 5.点击激活按钮之前 你有两个选择: a)禁用您的网络或拔掉网线; b)点击激活后它会告诉您,您的序列号是错误的,这时点击上一步等一会再点击激活即可。 选择了a或b后看下一步。 6.在激活界面中选择我拥有一个Autodesk激活码 7.一旦到了激活屏幕:启动注册机如果你是32位的请启用32位的注册机如果是64位的请启动64位的注册机。 8.先粘贴激活界面的申请号至注册机中的Request中, 9.点击Generate算出激活码,在注册机里点Mem Patch键,否则无法激活,提示注册码不正确。 10.最后复制Activation中的激活码至“输入激活码”栏中,并点击下一步,即会提示激活成功。

    标签: autocad 2012 简体中文

    上传时间: 2013-12-16

    上传用户:pioneer_lvbo

  • WHAT MIME64 IS: MIME64 is an encoding described in RFC1341 as MIME base64.Its purpose is to encode b

    WHAT MIME64 IS: MIME64 is an encoding described in RFC1341 as MIME base64.Its purpose is to encode binary files into ASCII so that they may be passedthrough e-mail gates. In this regard, MIME64 is similar to UUENCODE.Although most binaries these days are transmitted using UUENCODE, Ihave seen a few using MIME64, and I have had requests from friends thatI decode MIME64 files that have fallen into their hands. As long assome MIME64 continues to exist, a package such as this one is usefulto have.

    标签: MIME described 64 encoding

    上传时间: 2013-12-17

    上传用户:maizezhen

  • mp3设计程序资料

    mp3设计程序资料,采用c语言编写。 README file for yampp-3 source code 2001-05-27 This is the current state of the yampp-3 source code, 2001-05-27. This code is intended to run on Rev. B of the yampp-3 PCB, but can ofcourse be used on compatible systems as well. It still uses the "old" song selection system as the yampp-2. However, the disk handling routines has improved a lot and the obviosly, the new VS1001 handling has been put in. The codesize is almost at it s maximum at 1F40 bytes. A .ROM file is included if you don t have the compiler set up. For now, the documentation is in the code

    标签: mp3 设计程序

    上传时间: 2015-04-13

    上传用户:小码农lz

  • Rotating shafts experience a an elliptical motion called whirl. It is important to decompose this mo

    Rotating shafts experience a an elliptical motion called whirl. It is important to decompose this motion into a forward and backward whil orbits. The current function makes use of two sensors to generate a bi-directional spectrogram. The method can be extended to any time-frequency distribution % % compute the forward/backward Campbell/specgtrogram % % INPUT: % y (n x 2) each column is measured from a different sensor % /////// % __ % |s1| y(:,1) % |__| % __ % / \ ________|/ % | | | s2 |/ y(:,2) % \____/ --------|/ % % Fs Sampling frequnecy % % OUTPUT: % B spectrogram/Campbel diagram % x x-axis coordinate vector (time or Speed) % y y-axis coordinate vector (frequency [Hz])

    标签: experience elliptical decompose important

    上传时间: 2015-06-23

    上传用户:372825274