NXP Semiconductor designed the LPC2400 microcontrollers around a 16-bit/32-bitARM7TDMI-S CPU core with real-time debug interfaces that include both JTAG andembedded Trace. The LPC2400 microcontrollers have 512 kB of on-chip high-speedFlash memory. This Flash memory includes a special 128-bit wide memory interface andaccelerator architecture that enables the CPU to execute sequential instructions fromFlash memory at the maximum 72 MHz system clock rate. This feature is available onlyon the LPC2000 ARM Microcontroller family of products. The LPC2400 can execute both32-bit ARM and 16-bit Thumb instructions. Support for the two Instruction Sets meansEngineers can choose to optimize their application for either performance or code size atthe sub-routine level. When the core executes instructions in Thumb state it can reducecode size by more than 30 % with only a small loss in performance while executinginstructions in ARM state maximizes core performance.
上传时间: 2013-11-15
上传用户:zouxinwang
FeaturesThe following standard features are provided.• Choice of RTOS scheduling policy1. Pre-emptive:Always runs the highest available task. Tasks of identical priorityshare CPU time (fully pre-emptive with round robin time slicing).2. Cooperative:Context switches only occur if a task blocks, or explicitly callstaskYIELD().• Co-routines (light weight tasks that utilise very little RAM).• Message queues• Semaphores [via macros]• Trace visualisation ability (requires more RAM)• Majority of source code common to all supported development tools• Wide range of ports and examples
上传时间: 2013-10-13
上传用户:13162218709
The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial, asynchronous, multi-master communication protocol forconnecting electronic control modules, sensors and actuators in automotive and industrial applications.With the SJA1000, Philips Semiconductors provides a stand-alone CAN controller which is more than a simpleeplacement of the PCA82C200.Attractive features are implemented for a wide range of applications, supporting system optimization, diagnosisand maintenance.
标签: Stand-alone contro 1000 SJA
上传时间: 2013-11-18
上传用户:yxgi5
Express Mode uses an 8-bit wide bus path for fast configuration of Xilinx FPGAs. Thisapplication note provides information on how to perform Express configuration specifically forthe Spartan™-XL family. The Express mode signals and their associated timing are defined.The steps of Express configuration are described in detail, followed by detailed instructions thatshow how to implement the configuration circui
标签: Spartan-XL Express XAPP FPGA
上传时间: 2014-12-28
上传用户:hewenzhi
This application note covers the design considerations of a system using the performance features of the LogiCORE™ IP Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) Interconnect core. The design focuses on high system throughput through the AXI Interconnect core with F MAX and area optimizations in certain portions of the design. The design uses five AXI video direct memory access (VDMA) engines to simultaneously move 10 streams (five transmit video streams and five receive video streams), each in 1920 x 1080p format, 60 Hz refresh rate, and up to 32 data bits per pixel. Each VDMA is driven from a video test pattern generator (TPG) with a video timing controller (VTC) block to set up the necessary video timing signals. Data read by each AXI VDMA is sent to a common on-screen display (OSD) core capable of multiplexing or overlaying multiple video streams to a single output video stream. The output of the OSD core drives the DVI video display interface on the board. Performance monitor blocks are added to capture performance data. All 10 video streams moved by the AXI VDMA blocks are buffered through a shared DDR3 SDRAM memory and are controlled by a MicroBlaze™ processor. The reference system is targeted for the Virtex-6 XC6VLX240TFF1156-1 FPGA on the Xilinx® ML605 Rev D evaluation board
上传时间: 2013-11-14
上传用户:fdmpy
The LogiCORE™ GTP Wizard automates the task of creating HDL wrappers to configure the high-speed serial GTP transceivers in Virtex™-5 LXT and SXT devices. The menu-driven interface allows one or more GTP transceivers to be configured using pre-definedtemplates for popular industry standards, or from scratch, to support a wide variety of custom protocols.The Wizard produces a wrapper, an example design, and a testbench for rapid integration and verification of the serial interface with your custom function Features• Creates customized HDL wrappers to configureVirtex-5 RocketIO™ GTP transceivers• Users can configure Virtex-5 GTP transceivers toconform to industry standard protocols usingpredefined templates, or tailor the templates forcustom protocols• Included protocol templates provide support for thefollowing specifications: Aurora, CPRI, FibreChannel 1x, Gigabit Ethernet, HD-SDI, OBSAI,OC3, OC12, OC48, PCI Express® (PCIe®), SATA,SATA II, and XAUI• Automatically configures analog settings• Each custom wrapper includes example design, testbench; and both implementation and simulation scripts
标签: Transceiver Virtex Wizar GTP
上传时间: 2013-10-23
上传用户:leyesome
很多不同的厂家生产各种型号的计算机,它们运行完全不同的操作系统,但TCP.IP协议族允许它们互相进行通信。这一点很让人感到吃惊,因为它的作用已远远超出了起初的设想。T C P / I P起源于6 0年代末美国政府资助的一个分组交换网络研究项目,到9 0年代已发展成为计算机之间最常应用的组网形式。它是一个真正的开放系统,因为协议族的定义及其多种实现可以不用花钱或花很少的钱就可以公开地得到。它成为被称作“全球互联网”或“因特网(Internet)”的基础,该广域网(WA N)已包含超过1 0 0万台遍布世界各地的计算机。本章主要对T C P / I P协议族进行概述,其目的是为本书其余章节提供充分的背景知识。 TCP.IP协议 缩略语 ACK (ACKnowledgment) TCP首部中的确认标志 API (Application Programming Interface) 应用编程接口 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) 地址解析协议 ARPANET(Defense Advanced Research Project Agency NETwork) (美国)国防部远景研究规划局 AS (Autonomous System) 自治系统 ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) 美国信息交换标准码 ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) 抽象语法记法1 BER (Basic Encoding Rule) 基本编码规则 BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) 边界网关协议 BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) 伯克利I n t e r n e t域名 BOOTP (BOOTstrap Protocol) 引导程序协议 BPF (BSD Packet Filter) BSD 分组过滤器 CIDR (Classless InterDomain Routing) 无类型域间选路 CIX (Commercial Internet Exchange) 商业互联网交换 CLNP (ConnectionLess Network Protocol) 无连接网络协议 CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) 循环冗余检验 CSLIP (Compressed SLIP) 压缩的S L I P CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) 载波侦听多路存取 DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment) 数据电路端接设备 DDN (Defense Data Network) 国防数据网 DF (Don’t Fragment) IP首部中的不分片标志 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 动态主机配置协议 DLPI (Data Link Provider Interface) 数据链路提供者接口 DNS (Domain Name System) 域名系统 DSAP (Destination Service Access Point) 目的服务访问点 DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer) 数字用户线接入复用器 DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 直接序列扩频 DTS (Distributed Time Service) 分布式时间服务 DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) 距离向量多播选路协议 EBONE (European IP BackbONE) 欧洲I P主干网 EOL (End of Option List) 选项清单结束 EGP (External Gateway Protocol) 外部网关协议 EIA (Electronic Industries Association) 美国电子工业协会 FCS (Frame Check Sequence) 帧检验序列 FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) 光纤分布式数据接口 FIFO (First In, First Out) 先进先出 FIN (FINish) TCP首部中的结束标志 FQDN (Full Qualified Domain Name) 完全合格的域名 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 文件传送协议 HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) 高级数据链路控制 HELLO 选路协议 IAB (Internet Architecture Board) Internet体系结构委员会 IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) Internet号分配机构 ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Internet控制报文协议 IDRP (InterDomain Routing Protocol) 域间选路协议 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering) (美国)电气与电子工程师协会 IEN (Internet Experiment Notes) 互联网试验注释 IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group) Internet工程指导小组 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Internet工程专门小组 IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Internet组管理协议 IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) 内部网关协议 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) Internet报文存取协议 IP (Internet Protocol) 网际协议 I RTF (Internet Research Task Force) Internet研究专门小组 IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol) 中间系统到中间系统协议 ISN (Initial Sequence Number) 初始序号 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织 ISOC (Internet SOCiety) Internet协会 LAN (Local Area Network) 局域网 LBX (Low Bandwidth X) 低带宽X LCP (Link Control Protocol) 链路控制协议 LFN (Long Fat Net) 长肥网络 LIFO (Last In, First Out) 后进先出 LLC (Logical Link Control) 逻辑链路控制 LSRR (Loose Source and Record Route) 宽松的源站及记录路由 MBONE (Multicast Backbone On the InterNEt) Internet上的多播主干网 MIB (Management Information Base) 管理信息库 MILNET (MILitary NETwork) 军用网 MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 通用I n t e r n e t邮件扩充 MSL (Maximum Segment Lifetime) 报文段最大生存时间 MSS (Maximum Segment Size) 最大报文段长度 M TA (Message Transfer Agent) 报文传送代理 MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) 最大传输单元 NCP (Network Control Protocol) 网络控制协议 NFS (Network File System) 网络文件系统 NIC (Network Information Center) 网络信息中心 NIT (Network Interface Tap) 网络接口栓(S u n公司的一个程序) NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) 网络新闻传送协议 NOAO (National Optical Astronomy Observatories) 国家光学天文台 NOP (No Operation) 无操作 NSFNET (National Science Foundation NETwork) 国家科学基金网络 NSI (NASA Science Internet) (美国)国家宇航局I n t e r n e t NTP (Network Time Protocol) 网络时间协议 NVT (Network Virtual Terminal) 网络虚拟终端 OSF (Open Software Foudation) 开放软件基金 OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) 开放系统互连 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) 开放最短通路优先 PAWS (Protection Against Wrapped Sequence number) 防止回绕的序号 PDU (Protocol Data Unit) 协议数据单元 POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) 可移植操作系统接口 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) 点对点协议 PSH (PuSH) TCP首部中的急迫标志 RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) 逆地址解析协议 RFC (Request For Comments) Internet的文档,其中的少部分成为标准文档 RIP (Routing Information Protocol) 路由信息协议 RPC (Remote Procedure Call) 远程过程调用 RR (Resource Record) 资源记录 RST (ReSeT) TCP首部中的复位标志 RTO (Retransmission Time Out) 重传超时 RTT (Round-Trip Time) 往返时间 SACK (Selective ACKnowledgment) 有选择的确认 SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) 串行线路I n t e r n e t协议 SMI (Structure of Management Information) 管理信息结构 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 简单邮件传送协议 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) 简单网络管理协议 SSAP (Source Service Access Point) 源服务访问点 SSRR (Strict Source and Record Route) 严格的源站及记录路由 SWS (Silly Window Syndrome) 糊涂窗口综合症 SYN (SYNchronous) TCP首部中的同步序号标志 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 传输控制协议 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) 简单文件传送协议 TLI (Transport Layer Interface) 运输层接口 TTL (Ti m e - To-Live) 生存时间或寿命 TUBA (TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses) 具有更长地址的T C P和U D P Telnet 远程终端协议 UA (User Agent) 用户代理 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 用户数据报协议 URG (URGent) TCP首部中的紧急指针标志 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) 协调的统一时间 UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) Unix到U n i x的复制 WAN (Wide Area Network) 广域网 WWW (World Wide Web) 万维网 XDR (eXternal Data Representation) 外部数据表示 XID (transaction ID) 事务标识符 XTI (X/Open Transport Layer Interface) X/ O p e n运输层接口
上传时间: 2013-11-13
上传用户:tdyoung
Abstract: Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are used in a wide variety of applications and end markets, including digital signalprocessing, medical imaging, and high-performance computing. This application note outlines the issues related to powering FPGAs.It also discusses Maxim's solutions for powering Xilinx® FPGAs.
上传时间: 2013-12-16
上传用户:haohaoxuexi
嵌入式LINUX 电子教程全集 嵌入式系统出现于60年代晚期,它最初被用于控制机电电话交换机,如今已被广泛的应用于工业制造、过程控制、通讯、仪器、仪表、汽车、船舶、航空、航天、军事装备、消费类产品等众多领域。计算机系统核心CPU,每年在全球范围内的产量大概在二十亿颗左右,其中超过80%应用于各类专用性很强的嵌入式系统。一般的说,凡是带有微处理器的专用软硬件系统都可以称为嵌入式系统。 1. 嵌入式Linux系统就是利用Linux其自身的许多特点,把它应用到嵌入式系统里。 Linux做嵌入式的优势,首先,Linux是开放源代码的,不存在黑箱技术,遍布全球的众多Linux爱好者又是Linux开发者的强大技术支持;其次,Linux的内核小、效率高,内核的更新速度很快,linux是可以定制的,其系统内核最小只有约134KB。第三,Linux是免费的OS,在价格上极具竞争力。 Linux还有着嵌入式操作系统所需要的很多特色,突出的就是Linux适应于多种CPU和多种硬件平台,是一个跨平台的系统。到目前为止,它可以支持二三十种CPU。而且性能稳定,裁剪性很好,开发和使用都很容易。很多CPU包括家电业芯片,都开始做Linux的平台移植工作。移植的速度远远超过Java的开发环境。也就是说,如果今天用Linux环境开发产品,那么将来换CPU就不会遇到困扰。同时,Linux内核的结构在网络方面是非常完整的,Linux对网络中最常用的TCP/IP协议有最完备的支持。提供了包括十兆、百兆、千兆的以太网络,以及无线网络,Toker ring(令牌环网)、光纤甚至卫星的支持。所以Linux很适于做信息家电的开发。 还有使用Linux为的是来开发无线连接产品的开发者越来越多。Linux在快速增长的无线连接应用主场中有一个非常重要的优势,就是有足够快的开发速度。这是因为LInux有很多工具,并且Linux为众多程序员所熟悉。因此,我们要在嵌入式系统中使用Linux操作系统。 Linux的大小适合嵌入式操作系统——Linux固有的模块性,适应性和可配置性,使得这很容易做到。另外,Linux源码的实用性和成千上万的程序员热切其望它用于无数的嵌入式应用软件中,导致很多嵌入式Linux的出现,包括:Embedix,ETLinux,LEM,Linux Router Project,LOAF,uCLinux,muLinux,ThinLinux,FirePlug,Linux和PizzaBox Linux 相对,Linux的图形界面还相对较弱,但近年Linux的图形界面发展也很快,这也就不是问题。 2. 什么是嵌入式Linux 嵌入式linux 是将日益流行的Linux操作系统进行裁剪修改,使之能在嵌入式计算机系统上运行的一种操作系统。嵌入式linux既继承了Interlnet上无限的开放源代码资源,又具有嵌入式操作系统的特性。嵌入式Linux的特点是版权费免费;购买费用媒介成本技术支持全世界的自由软件开发者提供支持网络特性免费,而且性能优异,软件移植容易,代码开放,有许多应用软件支持,应用产品开发周期短,新产品上市迅速,因为有许多公开的代码可以参考和移植,实时性能RT_Linux Hardhat Linux 等嵌入式Linux支持,实时性能稳定性好安全性好。 3. 嵌入式Linux有巨大的市场前景和商业机会,出现了大量的专业公司和产品,如Montavista Lineo Emi等,有行业协会如Embedded Linux Consortum等,得到世界著名计算机公司和OEM板级厂商的支持,例如IBM Motorola Intel等。传统的嵌入式系统厂商也采用了Linux策略,如Lynxworks Windriver QNX等,还有Internet上的大量嵌入式Linux爱好者的支持。嵌入式Linux支持几乎所有的嵌入式CPU和被移植到几乎所有的嵌入式OEM板。 4.嵌入式Linux的应用领域非常广泛,主要的应用领域有信息家电、PDA 、机顶盒、Digital Telephone、Answering Machine、Screen Phone 、数据网络、Ethernet Switches、Router、Bridge、Hub、Remote access servers、ATM、Frame relay 、远程通信、医疗电子、交通运输计算机外设、工业控制、航空航天领域等。 5.如果分别让10位工程师给出嵌入式系统的定义,将得到10个不同的答案。一般来说,大部分的嵌入式系统执行特定的任务。我们假定最简单的嵌入式系统包括输入/输出功能,以及一些控制逻辑,该系统基于它的配置执行某些类型的功能。按照这个标准,可以认为一个包含实现控制逻辑74123计数器以及一个状态是一个嵌入式系统。也许可以补充说,该系统必须可通过存储在固件中的软件进行编程。这个新的嵌入式系统定义包括输入/输出(I/O),以及存储在系统固件中的控制逻辑。一个带有鼠标、键盘、网络连接并运行图形用户界面(GUI,graphical user interface)多任务操作系统的桌面计算机显然满足这些要求,但我们能认为它是一个嵌入式系统吗? 如果桌面计算机不是一个嵌入式系统,那么手持设备呢?它们有I/O功能,可以运行存储在固件中的控制逻辑。有人说,桌面计算机和手持设备都有通用计算机设备,可以运行软件来执行许多不同的任务,与之不同的是,嵌入式系统(例如,洗碗机控制器或飞行导航系统)主要是为特定任务而设计的。这种特定的功能限定使嵌入式设备有功能上的唯一性。如果是这样,为什么一些嵌入式系统设计成具有附加的功能,如存储在非易失性存储器中的程序,并且具有运行可以完成原始设计范围之外的任务的多任务操作系统的能力呢? 在过去,区分嵌入式系统和通用计算机比现在简单的多。例如,可以很容易地区分出一个基于8051的T1分幅卡嵌入式系统和一台Sun UNIX工作站。而现在,从功能方面很难区分一台Sun工作站和一个包含PowerPC以及32MB内存和16MB闪存的机顶盒。这样的机顶盒可以运行带GUI的多任务操作系统,可现场升级,可以同时运行多个程序(如视频控制器、数字录像和Java虚拟机),还可以进行安全的因特网在线交易。很难判断这种机顶盒是否是一个嵌入式系统。显然,硬件性能的提升和价格的下降使通用计算机和嵌入式系统之间的界限变得很模糊,技术的进步使得我们很难定义什么是嵌入式。
上传时间: 2014-12-30
上传用户:ljt101007
The LPC2292/2294 microcontrollers are based on a 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, together with 256 kB of embedded high-speed flash memory. A 128-bit wide memory interface and a unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum clock rate. For critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb mode reduces code by more than 30 pct with minimal performance penalty. With their 144-pin package, low power consumption, various 32-bit timers, 8-channel 10-bit ADC, 2/4 (LPC2294) advanced CAN channels, PWM channels and up to nine external interrupt pins these microcontrollers are particularly suitable for automotive and industrial control applications as well as medical systems and fault-tolerant maintenance buses. The number of available fast GPIOs ranges from 76 (with external memory) through 112 (single-chip). With a wide range of additional serial communications interfaces, they are also suited for communication gateways and protocol converters as well as many other general-purpose applications. Remark: Throughout the data sheet, the term LPC2292/2294 will apply to devices with and without the /00 or /01 suffix. The suffixes /00 and /01 will be used to differentiate from other devices only when necessary.
上传时间: 2014-12-30
上传用户:aysyzxzm