Automotive power systems are unforgiving electronicenvironments. Transients to 90V can occur when thenominal voltage range is 10V to 15V (ISO7637), along withbattery reversal in some cases. It’s fairly straightforwardto build automotive electronics around this system, butincreasingly end users WANT to operate portable electronics,such as GPS systems or music/video players,and to charge their Li-Ion batteries from the automotivebattery. To do so requires a compact, robust, effi cientand easy-to-design charging system
上传时间： 2013-11-04
上传用户：wfl_yy
Many system designers need an easy way to producea negative 3.3V power supply. In systems that alreadyhave a transformer, one option is to swap out the existingtransformer with one that has an additional secondarywinding. The problem with this solution is that manysystems now use transformers that are standard, offthe-shelf components, and most designers WANT toavoid replacing a standard, qualifi ed transformer with acustom version. An easier alternative is to produce thelow negative voltage rail by stepping down an existingnegative rail. For example, if the system already employsan off-the-shelf transformer with two secondary windingsto produce ±12V, and a –3.3V rail is needed, a negativebuck converter can produce the –3.3V output from the–12V rail.
上传时间： 2013-10-09
上传用户：Jerry_Chow
When a system designer specifies a nonisolated dc/dc powermodule, considering the needed input voltage range isequally as important as considering the required performanceattributes and features. Generally, nonisolated moduleshave either a narrow or a wide input voltage range. Narrowinputmodules typically have a nominal input voltage of3.3, 5, or 12 V. For systems that operate from a tightlyregulated input bus—such as those that do not use batterybackup—a narrow-input module is often adequate sincethe input remains fairly stable.Offering greater flexibility, wide-input modules operatewithin a range of 7 to 36 V, which includes the popular12- or 24-V industrial bus. This enables a single module tobe used for generating multiple voltages. These modulesare ideal for industrial controls, HVAC systems, vehicles,medical instrumentation, and other applications that usea loosely regulated distribution bus. In addition, systemspowered by a rectifier/battery charger with lead-acidbattery backup almost always require wide-input modules.System designers who choose power supplies may WANTto take a close look at the latest generation of wide-inputdc/dc modules.
标签： Wide-input modules offer dc
上传时间： 2014-12-24
上传用户：dragonhaixm
PC机之间串口通信的实现一、实验目的 １．熟悉微机接口实验装置的结构和使用方法。 ２．掌握通信接口芯片8251和8250的功能和使用方法。 ３．学会串行通信程序的编制方法。 二、实验内容与要求 １．基本要求主机接收开关量输入的数据（二进制或十六进制），从键盘上按“传输”键（可自行定义），就将该数据通过8251A传输出去。终端接收后在显示器上显示数据。具体操作说明如下：（１）出现提示信息“start with R in the board!”，通过调整乒乓开关的状态，设置8位数据；（２）在小键盘上按“R”键，系统将此时乒乓开关的状态读入计算机I中，并显示出来，同时显示经串行通讯后，计算机II接收到的数据；（３）完成后，系统提示“do you WANT to send another data? Y/N”，根据用户需要，在键盘按下“Y”键，则重复步骤（1），进行另一数据的通讯；在键盘按除“Y”键外的任意键，将退出本程序。２．提高要求 能够进行出错处理，例如采用奇偶校验，出错重传或者采用接收方回传和发送方确认来保证发送和接收正确。 三、设计报告要求 １．设计目的和内容 ２．总体设计 ３．硬件设计：原理图（接线图）及简要说明 ４．软件设计框图及程序清单５．设计结果和体会（包括遇到的问题及解决的方法） 四、8251A通用串行输入/输出接口芯片由于CPU与接口之间按并行方式传输，接口与外设之间按串行方式传输，因此，在串行接口中，必须要有“接收移位寄存器”（串→并）和“发送移位寄存器”（并→串）。能够完成上述“串←→并”转换功能的电路，通常称为“通用异步收发器”（UART：Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter）,典型的芯片有：Intel 8250/8251。8251A异步工作方式：如果8251A编程为异步方式，在需要发送字符时，必须首先设置TXEN和CTS#为有效状态，TXEN(Transmitter Enable)是允许发送信号，是命令寄存器中的一位；CTS#(Clear To Send)是由外设发来的对CPU请求发送信号的响应信号。然后就开始发送过程。在发送时，每当CPU送往发送缓冲器一个字符，发送器自动为这个字符加上1个起始位，并且按照编程要求加上奇／偶校验位以及1个、1.5个或者2个停止位。串行数据以起始位开始，接着是最低有效数据位，最高有效位的后面是奇／偶校验位，然后是停止位。按位发送的数据是以发送时钟TXC的下降沿同步的，也就是说这些数据总是在发送时钟TXC的下降沿从8251A发出。数据传输的波特率取决于编程时指定的波特率因子，为发送器时钟频率的1、1/16或1/64。当波特率指定为16时，数据传输的波特率就是发送器时钟频率的1/16。CPU通过数据总线将数据送到8251A的数据输出缓冲寄存器以后，再传输到发送缓冲器，经移位寄存器移位，将并行数据变为串行数据，从TxD端送往外部设备。在8251A接收字符时，命令寄存器的接收允许位RxE(Receiver Enable)必须为1。8251A通过检测RxD引脚上的低电平来准备接收字符，在没有字符传送时RxD端为高电平。8251A不断地检测RxD引脚，从RxD端上检测到低电平以后，便认为是串行数据的起始位，并且启动接收控制电路中的一个计数器来进行计数，计数器的频率等于接收器时钟频率。计数器是作为接收器采样定时，当计数到相当于半个数位的传输时间时再次对RxD端进行采样，如果仍为低电平，则确认该数位是一个有效的起始位。若传输一个字符需要16个时钟，那么就是要在计数8个时钟后采样到低电平。之后，8251A每隔一个数位的传输时间对RxD端采样一次，依次确定串行数据位的值。串行数据位顺序进入接收移位寄存器，通过校验并除去停止位，变成并行数据以后通过内部数据总线送入接收缓冲器，此时发出有效状态的RxRDY信号通知CPU，通知CPU8251A已经收到一个有效的数据。一个字符对应的数据可以是5～8位。如果一个字符对应的数据不到8位，8251A会在移位转换成并行数据的时候，自动把他们的高位补成0。 五、系统总体设计方案根据系统设计的要求，对系统设计的总体方案进行论证分析如下：1．获取8位开关量可使用实验台上的8255A可编程并行接口芯片，因为只要获取8位数据量，只需使用基本输入和8位数据线，所以将8255A工作在方式0，PA0-PA7接实验台上的8位开关量。2．当使用串口进行数据传送时，虽然同步通信速度远远高于异步通信，可达500kbit/s，但由于其需要有一个时钟来实现发送端和接收端之间的同步，硬件电路复杂，通常计算机之间的通信只采用异步通信。3．由于8251A本身没有时钟，需要外部提供，所以本设计中使用实验台上的8253芯片的计数器2来实现。4：显示和键盘输入均使用DOS功能调用来实现。设计思路框图，如下图所示： 六、硬件设计硬件电路主要分为8位开关量数据获取电路，串行通信数据发送电路，串行通信数据接收电路三个部分。1．8位开关量数据获取电路该电路主要是利用8255并行接口读取8位乒乓开关的数据。此次设计在获取8位开关数据量时采用8255令其工作在方式0，A口输入8位数据，CS#接实验台上CS1口，对应端口为280H-283H，PA0-PA7接8个开关。2．串行通信电路串行通信电路本设计中8253主要为8251充当频率发生器，接线如下图所示。
上传时间： 2013-12-19
上传用户：小火车啦啦啦
Abstract: When people WANT portable music, they usually rely on battery-powered audio devices. With a bit of engineeringblood (or curiosity) running in your veins, it is not difficult to build a wireless Bluetooth® stereo audio system that can becontrolled with any device that has a Bluetooth connection and a music player
上传时间： 2013-10-09
上传用户：天空说我在
Abstract: After you park your car and go into your house, probably the last thing that you WANT to think about is someone stealing
上传时间： 2014-04-24
上传用户：athjac
Addressbook using double-linked list. This example shows the use of a double-linked list by implementing an addressbook for the console. It has features like inserting, searching(linear), sorting(bubble sort), deleting and load/save to a file. I wrote this during my study of Applied Computer Science so it s intended mainly for students who WANT to know about some advanced programming techniques in C. The Code was compiled with MSVC++ 6.0 but it should compile with any ANSI-compliant compiler.
标签： double-linked list Addressbook implemen
上传时间： 2014-01-24
上传用户：asddsd
The code assumes a two-dimensional computational domain with TMz polarization (i.e., non-zero field Ez, Hx, and Hy). The program is currently written so that the incident field always strikes the lower-left corner of the total-field region first. (If you WANT a different corner, that should be a fairly simple tweak to the code, but for now you ll have to make that tweak yourself.) I have attempted to provide copious comments in the code and hope that a knowledgeable C programmer can quickly map the approach as described in the paper to what is in the program.
标签： two-dimensional computational polarization non-zero
上传时间： 2013-12-13
上传用户：cylnpy
Polynomial fit functions === === === === RegressionObject.cls contains a class that provides an easy way to add polynomial regression functionality to any application. If you just WANT linear regression or a very high degree, no matter: this class has good performance and scales seamlessly with the complexity of your problem.
标签： RegressionObject Polynomial functions contains
上传时间： 2015-04-06
上传用户：rocwangdp
Bus Hound 5.0 Released by RAINMAN Installation: Simply install and when asked use whatever serial you WANT
标签： Installation Released whatever RAINMAN
上传时间： 2015-04-21
上传用户：7676777
