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Time-to-digital

  • A "code-what"? Unless you have spent some time working in the area of reverse engineering, chances a

    A "code-what"? Unless you have spent some time working in the area of reverse engineering, chances are you have not heard of the term "codecave" before. If you have heard of it, you might not have read a clear definition of it or quite understand what it is or why it is useful. I have even asked seasoned assembly programmers about the term before and most of them had not heard of it. If it is new to you, do not worry, you are not the only one. It is a term that is scarcely used and is only useful in a reverse engineering context. Furthermore, is it "codecave" or "code cave"? I am not quite sure, but I will try my best to refer to it consistently as a "codecave". A space may sneak in there from time to time

    标签: engineering code-what chances reverse

    上传时间: 2014-01-17

    上传用户:hn891122

  • Triangular mesh processing tool, currently very few people use this software, but it allows us to gr

    Triangular mesh processing tool, currently very few people use this software, but it allows us to greatly reduce the time to deal with a lot of the grid.

    标签: Triangular processing currently software

    上传时间: 2013-12-09

    上传用户:BOBOniu

  • Embedded microcontroller program (PicBasic) to implement RFID-based Medicine Teller system, used to

    Embedded microcontroller program (PicBasic) to implement RFID-based Medicine Teller system, used to inform the user about the time to take medicine, scanning RFID tags on the medicines, for elders use.

    标签: microcontroller RFID-based implement Embedded

    上传时间: 2017-07-04

    上传用户:zhenyushaw

  • userial is an Free project building an USB to I2C/SPI/GPIO bridge, using the Atmel AT90USB647 chip.

    userial is an Free project building an USB to I2C/SPI/GPIO bridge, using the Atmel AT90USB647 chip. Hardware and Software are released under an Open Source licence. It supports the following interfaces: * USB interface (serial emulation) * JTAG * I2C (TWI) * SPI * 8 General purpose digital I/O * 4 Analog to Digital converters (currently no firmware support)

    标签: USB building userial project

    上传时间: 2013-12-25

    上传用户:小鹏

  • 4G & Beyond Convergence of Networks

    From the transition of analog to digital communication along with seamless mobility and high computing power of small handheld devices, the wireless communications industry has seen tremendous changes leading to the integration of several telecommunication networks, devices and services over last 30 years. The rate of this progress and growth has increased particularly in the past decade because people no longer use their devices and networks for voice only, but demand bundle contents such as data download/streaming, HDTV, HD video , 3D video conferencing with higher efficiency, seamless connectivity, intelligence, reliability and better user experience. Although the challenges facing service providers and telecommunication companies differ by product, region, market size, and their areas of concentration but time to market, efficient utilization of their assets and revenue expansion, have impacted significantly how to manage and conduct their business while maintaining sufficient margin. 

    标签: Convergence Networks Beyond 4G of

    上传时间: 2020-05-26

    上传用户:shancjb

  • Digital Wireless Transceivers

    The design and manufacturing of wireless radio frequency (RF) transceivers has developed rapidly in recent ten yeas due to rapid development of RF integrated circuits and the evolution of high-speed digital signal processors (DSP). Such high speed signal processors, in conjunction with the development of high resolution analog to digital converters and digital to analog converters, has made it possible for RF designers to digitize higher intermediate frequencies, thus reducing the RF section and enhancing the overall performance of the RF section.

    标签: Transceivers Wireless Digital

    上传时间: 2020-05-27

    上传用户:shancjb

  • Mobile Multimedia Communications Concepts

    Mobile multimedia communication is increasingly in demand because of the basic need to communi- cate at any time, anywhere, using any technology. In addition, to voice communication, people have a desire to access a range of other services that comprise multimedia elements—text, image, animation, high fidelity audio and video using mobile communication networks. To meet these demands, mobile communication technologies has evolved from analog to digital, and the networks have passed through a number of generations from first generation (1G) to fourth generation (4G).

    标签: Communications Multimedia Concepts Mobile

    上传时间: 2020-05-30

    上传用户:shancjb

  • Digital.Image.Processing.

    This edition of Digital Image Processing is a major revision of the book. As in the 1977 and 1987 editions by Gonzalez and Wintz, and the 1992, 2002, and 2008 editions by Gonzalez and Woods, this sixth-generation edition was prepared with students and instructors in mind. The principal objectives of the book continue to be to provide an introduction to basic concepts and methodologies applicable to digital image processing, and to develop a foundation that can be used as the basis for further study and research in this field. To achieve these objectives, we focused again on material that we believe is fundamental and whose scope of application is not limited to the solution of specialized problems. The mathematical complexity of the book remains at a level well within the grasp of college seniors and first-year graduate students who have introductory preparation in mathematical analysis, vectors, matrices, probability, statistics, linear systems, and computer programming. The book website provides tutorials to support readers needing a review of this background material

    标签: Processing Digital Image

    上传时间: 2021-02-20

    上传用户:

  • 基于ARMLinux的多道脉冲幅度分析器数字系统设计

    随着电子技术的不断发展,各种智能核仪器逐步走向自动化、智能化、数字化和便携式的方向发展。针对传统的多道脉冲幅度分析器体积大,人机交互不友好,不方便现场分析等的缺陷[5]。新型的高速、集成度高、界面友好的多道脉冲幅度分析器的陆续出现填补了这一缺点。 随着电子技术的发展,以ARM为核的处理器技术的应用领域不断扩大,相比较单片机而言,它的主频高、运算速度快,可以满足多道脉冲幅度分析器的苛刻的时间上的要求。而且ARM处理器功耗小,适合于功耗要求比较苛刻的地方,这些方面的特点正好满足了便携式多道脉冲幅度分析器野外勘察的要求。同时,由于以ARM为核的处理器具有丰富的外设资源,这样就简化了外设电路及芯片的使用,降低了功耗并增强了产品的信赖性。另外,ARM芯片可以方便的移植操作系统,为多道脉冲幅度分析器多任务的管理和并行的处理,甚至硬实时功能的实现提供了前提。而且在ARM平台使用嵌入式linux操作系统使多道脉冲幅度分析器的软件易于升级。 智能化和小型化是多道脉冲幅度分析器的发展趋势。智能化要求系统的自动化程度高、操作简便、容错性好。智能化除了需要控制软件外,还需要软件命令的执行者即硬件控制电路来实现相应的控制逻辑,两者的结合才能真正的实现智能化。小型化要求系统的体积小、功耗小、便于携带;小型化除了要求采用微功耗的器件,还要求电路板的尺寸尽量的小且所用元件尽量的少,但小型化的同时必须保持系统的智能化,即不能减少智能化所要求的复杂的逻辑和时序的控制功能。为此采用高集成度的ARM芯片实现控制电路能满意地同时满足智能化和小型化的要求。在研制的多道脉冲幅度分析器中,几乎所有的控制都可以用控制芯片来实现,如阈值设定、自动稳谱以及多道数据采集,在节省了元件的数目和电路板的尺寸的同时仍能保持系统的智能化程度。 Linux内核精简而高效,可修改性强,支持多种体系结构的处理器等,使得它是一个非常适合于嵌入式开发和应用的操作系统。嵌入式Linux可以运行的硬件平台十分广泛,从x86、MIPS、POWERPC到ARM,以及其他许多硬件体系结构。目前在世界范围内,ARM体系结构的SOC逐渐占领32位嵌入式微处理器市场,ARM处理器及技术的应用几乎已经深入到各个领域,例如:工业控制,无线通讯,网络,消费类电子,成像等。 本课题采用三星公司生产的ARM(Advanced RISC Machines,先进精简指令集机器)芯片S3C2410A设计并研制了一种便携式的核数据采集系统设计方案。利用ARM芯片丰富的外设资源对传统的多道脉冲幅度分析器进行改进和简化。系统由前端探测器系统,以及由线性脉冲放大器、甄别电路、控制电路、采样保持电路组成的前置电路,中央处理器模块,显示模块,用户交互模块,存储模块,网络传输模块等多个模块组成。本设计基于ARM9芯片S3C2410,并在此平台上移植了嵌入式linux操作系统来进行任务的调度和处理等。 电路板核心板部分设计采用6层PCB板结构,这样增加了系统可靠性,提高了电磁兼容的稳定性。数据采集系统是多道脉冲幅度分析器的核心,A/D转换直接使用了S3C2410内置的ADC(Analog to Digital Converter,模数转换器),在2.5 MHz的转换时钟下最大转换速度500 KSPS(Kilo-Samples per second,千采样点每秒),满足了系统最低转换时间≤5 μs的要求,并且控制简单,简化了外部接口电路。由于SD(Secure Digital Card,安全数码卡)卡存储容量大、携带方便、成本低等优点,所以设计中采用其作为外部的数据存储设备,其驱动部分采用SD卡软件包,为开发带来了方便。本设计采用640*480的6.4寸LCD(Liquid Crystal Display,液晶显示)屏作为人机交互的显示部分,并且通过Qt/Embedded为系统提供图形用户界面的应用框架和窗口系统。其中包括了波形显示部分和用户菜单设置部分,这样方便了用户操作。系统的数据存取方面是基于SQLite嵌入式小型数据库而进行的。为了方便数据向上位机的传输,系统设计中采用XML(Extensible Markup Language,可扩展标记语言)格式来组织传输的数据,通过基于TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)协议的Linux下Socket套接字编程,来进行与上位机或PC(Personal Computer,个人计算机或桌面机)等的连接和数据传输。

    标签: ARMLinux 多道 分析器 脉冲幅度

    上传时间: 2013-04-24

    上传用户:tzl1975

  • 基于ARM的TimeToCount辐射测量仪的研究

    随着半导体工艺的飞速发展和芯片设计水平的不断进步,ARM微处理器的性能得到大幅度地提高,同时其芯片的价格也在不断下降,嵌入式系统以其独有的优势,己经广泛地渗透到科学研究和日常生活的各个方面。 本文以ARM7 LPC2132处理器为核心,结合盖革一弥勒计数管对Time-To-Count辐射测量方法进行研究。ARM结构是基于精简指令集计算机(RISC)原理而设计的,其指令集和相关的译码机制比复杂指令集计算机要简单得多,使用一个小的、廉价的ARM微处理器就可实现很高的指令吞吐量和实时的中断响应。基于ARM7TDMI-S核的LPC2132微处理器,其工作频率可达到60MHz,这对于Time-To-Count技术是非常有利的,而且利用LPC2132芯片的定时/计数器引脚捕获功能,可以直接读取TC中的计数值,也就是说不再需要调用中断函数读取TC值,从而大大降低了计数前杂质时间。本文是在我师兄吕军的《Time-To-Count测量方法初步研究》基础上,使用了高速的ARM芯片,对基于MCS-51的Time-To-Count辐射测量系统进行了改进,进一步论证了采用高速ARM处理器芯片可以极大的提高G-M计数器的测量范围与测量精度。 首先,讨论了传统的盖革-弥勒计数管探测射线强度的方法,并指出传统的脉冲测量方法的不足。然后讨论了什么是Time-To-Count测量方法,对Time-To-Count测量方法的理论基础进行分析。指出Time-To-Count方法与传统的脉冲计数方法的区别,以及采用Time-To-Count方法进行辐射测量的可行性。 接着,详细论述基于ARM7 LPC2132处理器的Time-To-Count辐射测量仪的原理、功能、特点以及辐射测量仪的各部分接口电路设计及相关程序的编制。 最后得出结论,通过高速32位ARM处理器的使用,Time-To-Count辐射测量仪的精度和量程均得到很大的提高,对于Y射线总量测量,使用了ARM处理器的Time-To-Count辐射测量仪的量程约为20 u R/h到1R/h,数据线性程度也比以前的Time-To-CotJnt辐射测量仪要好。所以在使用Time-To-Count方法进行的辐射测量时,如何减少杂质时间以及如何提高计数前时间的测量精度,是决定Time-To-Count辐射测量仪性能的关键因素。实验用三只相同型号的J33G-M计数管分别作为探测元件,在100U R/h到lR/h的辐射场中进行试验.每个测量点测量5次取平均,得出随着照射量率的增大,辐射强度R的测量值偏小且与辐射真实值之间的误差也随之增大。如果将测量误差限定在10%的范围内,则此仪器的量程范围为20 u R/h至1R/h,量程跨度近六个数量级。而用J33型G-M计数管作常规的脉冲测量,量程范围约为50 u R/h到5000 u R/h,充分体现了运用Time-To-Count方法测量辐射强度的优越性,也从另一个角度反应了随着计数前时间的逐渐减小,杂质时间在其中的比重越来越大,对测量结果的影响也就越来越严重,尽可能的减小杂质时间在Time-To-Count方法辐射测量特别是测量高强度辐射中是关键的。笔者用示波器测出此辐射仪器的杂质时间约为6.5 u S,所以在计算定时器值的时候减去这个杂质时间,可以增加计数前时间的精确度。通过实验得出,在标定仪器的K值时,应该在照射量率较低的条件下行,而测得的计数前时间是否精确则需要在照射量率较高的条件下通过仪器标定来检验。这是因为在照射量率较低时,计数前时间较大,杂质时间对测量结果的影响不明显,数据线斜率较稳定,适宜于确定标定系数K值,而在照射量率较高时,计数前时间很小,杂质时间对测量结果的影响较大,可以明显的在数据线上反映出来,从而可以很好的反应出仪器的性能与量程。实验证明了Time-To-Count测量方法中最为关键的环节就是如何对计数前时间进行精确测量。经过对大量实验数据的分析,得到计数前时间中的杂质时间可分为硬件杂质时间和软件杂质时间,并以软件杂质时间为主,通过对程序进行合理优化,软件杂质时间可以通过程序的改进而减少,甚至可以用数学补偿的方法来抵消,从而可以得到比较精确的计数前时间,以此得到较精确的辐射强度值。对于本辐射仪,用户可以选择不同的工作模式来进行测量,当辐射场较弱时,通常采用规定次数测量的方式,在辐射场较强时,应该选用定时测量的方式。因为,当辐射场较弱时,如果用规定次数测量的方式,会浪费很多时间来采集足够的脉冲信号。当辐射场较强时,由于辐射粒子很多,产生脉冲的频率就很高,规定次数的测量会加大测量误差,当选用定时测量的方式时,由于时间的相对加长,所以记录的粒子数就相对的增加,从而提高仪器的测量精度。通过调研国内外先进核辐射测量仪器的发展现状,了解到了目前最新的核辐射总量测量技术一Time-To-Count理论及其应用情况。论证了该新技术的理论原理,根据此原理,结合高速处理器ARM7 LPC2132,对以G-计数管为探测元件的Time-To-Count辐射测量仪进行设计。论文以实验的方法论证了Time-To-Count原理测量核辐射方法的科学性,该辐射仪的量程和精度均优于以前以脉冲计数为基础理论的MCS-51核辐射测量仪。该辐射仪具有量程宽、精度高、易操作、用户界面友好等优点。用户可以定期的对仪器的标定,来减小由于电子元件的老化对低仪器性能参数造成的影响,通过Time-To-Count测量方法的使用,可以极大拓宽G-M计数管的量程。就仪器中使用的J33型G-M计数管而言,G-M计数管厂家参考线性测量范围约为50 u R/h到5000 u R/h,而用了Time-To-Count测量方法后,结合高速微处理器ARM7 LPC2132,此核辐射测量仪的量程为20 u R/h至1R/h。在允许的误差范围内,核辐射仪的量程比以前基于MCS-51的辐射仪提高了近200倍,而且精度也比传统的脉冲计数方法要高,测量结果的线性程度也比传统的方法要好。G-M计数管的使用寿命被大大延长。 综上所述,本文取得了如下成果:对国内外Time-To-Count方法的研究现状进行分析,指出了Time-To-Count测量方法的基本原理,并对Time-T0-Count方法理论进行了分析,推导出了计数前时间和两个相邻辐射粒子时间间隔之间的关系,从数学的角度论证了Time-To-Count方法的科学性。详细说明了基于ARM 7 LPC2132的Time-To-Count辐射测量仪的硬件设计、软件编程的过程,通过高速微处理芯片LPC2132的使用,成功完成了对基于MCS-51单片机的Time-To-Count测量仪的改进。改进后的辐射仪器具有量程宽、精度高、易操作、用户界面友好等特点。本论文根据实验结果总结出了Time-To-Count技术中的几点关键因素,如:处理器的频率、计数前时间、杂质时间、采样次数和测量时间等,重点分析了杂质时间的组成以及引入杂质时间的主要因素等,对国内核辐射测量仪的研究具有一定的指导意义。

    标签: TimeToCount ARM 辐射测量仪

    上传时间: 2013-06-24

    上传用户:pinksun9