汇编器在微处理器的验证和应用中举足轻重，如何设计通用的汇编器一直是研究的热点之一。本文提出了一种开放式的汇编器系统设计思想，在汇编语言与机器语言间插入中间代码CMDL（code mapping description language）语言，打破汇编语言与机器语言的直接映射关系，由此建立起一套描述汇编语言与机器语言的开放式映射体系。基于此开放式映射体系开发了一套汇编器系统，具有较高层次上的通用性和可移植性。【关键词】指令集，CMDL，汇编器，开放式 Design of Retargetable Assembler System Liu Ling Feng Wen Nan Wang Ying Chun Jiang An Ping Ji Li Jiu IME of Peking University, 100871【摘要】An assembler plays a very important role in the field of microprocessor verifications and applications, thus how to build a retargetable assembler system has been a hotspot in this field for long time. This paper presents a new method about the retargetable assembler system design.It provides a kind of language CMDL, code mapping description language. During the process of assembling, assembler languages are firstly translated to CMDL, and then mapped to the machine codes. In an other word, CMDL is inserted between assembler languages and machine codes during the translation procedure. As a medium code, CMDL has a lot of features, such as high extraction, strong descript capabilities. It can describe almost all attributes of assembler languages. By breaking the direct mapping relationship between assembler languages and machine codes, the complexities of machine codes are hided to the users, therefore, the new retargetable assembler system has higher retargetable level by converting the mapping from assembler languages and machine codes to assembler languages and CMDL, and implementationof it becomes easier. Based on the new mapping system structure, a retargetable assemblersystem is developed. It proved the whole system has good retargetability and implantability.【关键词】instruction set, symbol table, assembler, lexical analysis, retargetability
上传时间： 2013-10-10
上传用户：meiguiweishi
The PCA9544A provides 4 interrupt inputs, one for each channeland one open drain interrupt output. When an interrupt is generated byany device, it will be detected by the PCA9544A and the interruptoutput will be driven LOW. The channel need not be active fordetection of the interrupt. A bit is also set in the control byte.Bits 4 – 7 of the control byte correspond to channels 0 – 3 of thePCA9544A, respectively. Therefore, if an interrupt is generated byany device connected to channel 2, the state of the interrupt inputs isloaded into the control register when a read is accomplished.Likewise, an interrupt on any device connected to channel 0 wouldcause bit 4 of the control register to be set on the read. The mastercan then address the PCA9544A and read the contents of thecontrol byte to determine which channel contains the devicegenerating the interrupt. The master can then reconfigure thePCA9544A to select this channel, and locate the device generatingthe interrupt and clear it. The interrupt clears when the deviceoriginating the interrupt clears.
标签： 4channel multiple 9544A 9544
上传时间： 2014-12-28
上传用户：潜水的三贡
EZ-USB FX系列单片机USB外围设备设计与应用:PART 1 USB的基本概念第1章 USB的基本特性1.1 USB简介21.2 USB的发展历程31.2.1 USB 1.131.2.2 USB 2.041.2.3 USB与IEEE 1394的比较41.3 USB基本架构与总线架构61.4 USB的总线结构81.5 USB数据流的模式与管线的概念91.6 USB硬件规范101.6.1 USB的硬件特性111.6.2 USB接口的电气特性121.6.3USB的电源管理141.7 USB的编码方式141.8 结论161.9 问题与讨论16第2章 USB通信协议2.1 USB通信协议172.2 USB封包中的数据域类型182.2.1 数据域位的格式182.3 封包格式192.4 USB传输的类型232.4.1 控制传输242.4.2 中断传输292.4.3 批量传输292.4.4 等时传输292.5 USB数据交换格式302.6 USB描述符342.7 USB设备请求422.8 USB设备群组442.9 结论462.10 问题与讨论46第3章 设备列举3.1注册表编辑器473.2设备列举的步骤493.3设备列举步骤的实现--使用CATC分析工具513.4结论613.5问题与讨论61第4章 USB芯片与EZUSB4.1USB芯片的简介624.2USB接口芯片644.2.1Philips接口芯片644.2.2National Semiconductor接口芯片664.3内含USB单元的微处理器684.3.1Motorola694.3.2Microchip694.3.3SIEMENS704.3.4Cypress714.4USB芯片总揽介绍734.5USB芯片的选择与评估744.6问题与讨论80第5章 设备与驱动程序5.1阶层式的驱动程序815.2主机的驱动程序835.3驱动程序的选择865.4结论865.5问题与讨论87第6章 HID群组6.1HID简介886.2HID群组的传输速率886.3HID描述符906.3.1报告描述符936.3.2主要 main 项目类型966.3.3整体 global 项目卷标976.3.4区域 local 项目卷标986.3.5简易的报告描述符996.3.6Descriptor Tool 描述符工具 1006.3.7兼容测试程序1016.4HID设备的基本请求1026.5Windows通信程序1036.6问题与讨论106PART 2 硬件技术篇第7章 EZUSB FX简介7.1简介1097.2EZUSB FX硬件框图1097.3封包与PID码1117.4主机是个主控者1137.4.1从主机接收数据1137.4.2传送数据至主机1137.5USB方向1137.6帧1147.7EZUSB FX传输类型1147.7.1批量传输1147.7.2中断传输1147.7.3等时传输1157.7.4控制传输1157.8设备列举1167.9USB核心1167.10EZUSB FX单片机1177.11重新设备列举1177.12EZUSB FX端点1187.12.1EZUSB FX批量端点1187.12.2EZUSB FX控制端点01187.12.3EZUSB FX中断端点1197.12.4EZUSB FX等时端点1197.13快速传送模式1197.14中断1207.15重置与电源管理1207.16EZUSB 2100系列1207.17FX系列--从FIFO1227.18FX系列--GPIF 通用型可程序化的接口 1227.19AN2122/26各种特性的摘要1227.20修订ID1237.21引脚描述123第8章 EZUSB FX CPU8.1简介1308.28051增强模式1308.3EZUSB FX所增强的部分1318.4EZUSB FX寄存器接口1318.5EZUSB FX内部RAM1318.6I/O端口1328.7中断1328.8电源控制1338.9特殊功能寄存器 SFR 1348.10内部总线1358.11重置136第9章 EZUSB FX内存9.1简介1379.28051内存1389.3扩充的EZUSB FX内存1399.4CS#与OE#信号1409.5EZUSB FX ROM版本141第10章 EZUSB FX输入/输出端口10.1简介14310.2I/O端口14310.3EZUSB输入/输出端口寄存器14610.3.1端口配置寄存器14710.3.2I/O端口寄存器14710.4EZUSB FX输入/输出端口寄存器14910.5EZUSB FX端口配置表15110.6I2C控制器15610.78051 I2C控制器15610.8控制位15810.8.1START位15810.8.2STOP位15810.8.3LASTRD位15810.9状态位15910.9.1DONE位15910.9.2ACK位15910.9.3BERR位15910.9.4ID1, ID015910.10送出 WRITE I2C数据16010.11接收 READ I2C数据16010.12I2C激活加载器16010.13SFR寻址 FX 16210.14端口A~E的SFR控制165第11章 EZUSB FX设备列举与重新设备列举11.1简介16711.2预设的USB设备16911.3USB核心对于EP0设备请求的响应17011.4固件下载17111.5设备列举模式17211.6没有存在EEPROM17311.7存在着EEPROM, 第一个字节是0xB0 0xB4, FX系列11.8存在着EEPROM, 第一个字节是0xB2 0xB6, FX系列11.9配置字节0,FX系列17711.10重新设备列举 ReNumerationTM 17811.11多重重新设备列举 ReNumerationTM 17911.12预设描述符179第12章 EZUSB FX批量传输12.1简介18812.2批量输入传输18912.3中断传输19112.4EZUSB FX批量IN的例子19112.5批量OUT传输19212.6端点对19412.7IN端点对的状态19412.8OUT端点对的状态19512.9使用批量缓冲区内存19512.10Data Toggle控制19612.11轮询的批量传输的范例19712.12设备列举说明19912.13批量端点中断19912.14中断批量传输的范例20112.15设备列举说明20512.16自动指针器205第13章 EZUSB控制端点013.1简介20913.2控制端点EP021013.3USB请求21213.3.1取得状态 Get_Status 21413.3.2设置特性(Set_Feature)21713.3.3清除特性(Clear_Feature)21813.3.4取得描述符(Get_Descriptor)21913.3.5设置描述符(Set Descriptor)22313.3.6设置配置(Set_Configuration)22513.3.7取得配置(Get_Configuration)22513.3.8设置接口(Set_Interface)22513.3.9取得接口(Get_Interface)22613.3.10设置地址(Set_Address)22713.3.11同步帧22713.3.12固件加载228第14章 EZUSB FX等时传输14.1简介22914.2等时IN传输23014.2.1初始化设置23014.2.2IN数据传输23014.3等时OUT传输23114.3.1初始化设置23114.3.2数据传输23214.4设置等时FIFO的大小23214.5等时传输速度23414.5.1EZUSB 2100系列23414.5.2EZUSB FX系列23514.6快速传输 仅存于2100系列 23614.6.1快速写入23614.6.2快速读取23714.7快速传输的时序 仅存于2100系列 23714.7.1快速写入波形23814.7.2快速读取波形23914.8快速传输速度(仅存于2100系列)23914.9其余的等时寄存器24014.9.1除能等时寄存器24014.9.20字节计数位24114.10以无数据来响应等时IN令牌24214.11使用等时FIFO242第15章 EZUSB FX中断15.1简介24315.2USB核心中断24415.3唤醒中断24415.4USB中断信号源24515.5SUTOK与SUDAV中断24815.6SOF中断24915.7中止 suspend 中断24915.8USB重置中断24915.9批量端点中断25015.10USB自动向量25015.11USB自动向量译码25115.12I2C中断25215.13IN批量NAK中断 仅存于AN2122/26与FX系列 25315.14I2C STOP反相中断 仅存于AN2122/26与FX系列 25415.15从FIFO中断 INT4 255第16章 EZUSB FX重置16.1简介25716.2EZUSB FX打开电源重置 POR 25716.38051重置的释放25916.3.1RAM的下载26016.3.2下载EEPROM26016.3.3外部ROM26016.48051重置所产生的影响26016.5USB总线重置26116.6EZUSB脱离26216.7各种重置状态的总结263第17章 EZUSB FX电源管理17.1简介26517.2中止 suspend 26617.3回复 resume 26717.4远程唤醒 remote wakeup 269第18章 EZUSB FX系统18.1简介27118.2DMA寄存器描述27218.2.1来源. 目的. 传输长度地址寄存器27218.2.2DMA起始与状态寄存器27518.2.3DMA同步突发使能寄存器27518.2.4虚拟寄存器27818.3RD/FRD与WR/FWR DMA闪控的选择27818.4DMA闪控波形与延伸位的交互影响27918.4.1DMA外部写入27918.4.2DMA外部读取280第19章 EZUSB FX寄存器19.1简介28219.2批量数据缓冲区寄存器28319.3等时数据FIFO寄存器28419.4等时字节计数寄存器28519.5CPU寄存器28719.6I/O端口配置寄存器28819.7I/O端口A~C输入/输出寄存器28919.8230 Kbaud UART操作--AN2122/26寄存器29119.9等时控制/状态寄存器29119.10I2C寄存器29219.11中断29419.12端点0控制与状态寄存器29919.13端点1~7的控制与状态寄存器30019.14整体USB寄存器30519.15快速传输30919.16SETUP数据31119.17等时FIFO的容量大小31119.18通用I/F中断使能31219.19通用中断请求31219.20输入/输出端口寄存器D与E31319.20.1端口D输出31319.20.2输入端口D脚位31319.20.3端口D输出使能31319.20.4端口E输出31319.20.5输入端口E脚位31419.20.6端口E输出使能31419.21端口设置31419.22接口配置31419.23端口A与端口C切换配置31619.23.1端口A切换配置#231619.23.2端口C切换配置#231719.24DMA寄存器31919.24.1来源. 目的. 传输长度地址寄存器31919.24.2DMA起始与状态寄存器32019.24.3DMA同步突发使能寄存器32019.24.4选择8051 A/D总线作为外部FIFO321PART 3 固件技术篇第20章 EZUSB FX固件架构与函数库20.1固件架构总览32320.2固件架构的建立32520.3固件架构的副函数钩子32520.3.1工作分配器32620.3.2设备请求 device request 32620.3.3USB中断服务例程32920.4固件架构整体变量33220.5描述符表33320.5.1设备描述符33320.5.2配置描述符33420.5.3接口描述符33420.5.4端点描述符33520.5.5字符串描述符33520.5.6群组描述符33520.6EZUSB FX固件的函数库33620.6.1包含文件 *.H 33620.6.2子程序33620.6.3整体变量33820.7固件架构的原始程序代码338第21章 EZUSB FX固件范例程序21.1范例程序的简介34621.2外围I/O测试程序34721.3端点对, EP_PAIR范例35221.4批量测试, BulkTest范例36221.5等时传输, ISOstrm范例36821.6问题与讨论373PART 4 实验篇第22章 EZUSB FX仿真器22?1简介37522?2所需的工具37622?3EZUSB FX框图37722.4EZUSB最终版本的系统框图37822?5第一次下载程序37822.6EZUSB FX开发系统框图37922.7设置开发环境38022.8EZUSB FX开发工具组的内容38122.9EZUSB FX开发工具组软件38222.9.1初步安装程序38222.9.2确认主机 个人计算机 是否支持USB38222.10安装EZUSB控制平台. 驱动程序以及文件38322.11EZUSB FX开发电路板38522.11.1简介38522.11.2开发电路板的浏览38522.11.3所使用的8051资源38622.11.4详细电路38622.11.5LED的显示38722.11.6Jumper38722.11.7连接器39122.11.8内存映象图39222.11.9PLD信号39422.11.10PLD源文件文件39522.11.11雏形板的扩充连接器P1~P639722.11.12Philips PCF8574 I/O扩充IC40022.12DMA USB FX I/O LAB开发工具介绍40122.12.1USBFX简介40122.12.2USBFX及外围整体环境介绍40322?12?3USBFX与PC连接软件介绍40422.12.4USBFX硬件功能介绍404第23章 LED显示器输出实验23.1硬件设计与基本概念40923.2固件设计41023.3.1固件架构文件FW.C41123.3.2描述符文件DESCR.A5141223.3.3外围接口文件PERIPH.C41723.4固件程序代码的编译与链接42123.5Windows程序, VB设计42323.6INF文件的编写设计42423.7结论42623.8问题与讨论427第24章 七段显示器与键盘的输入/输出实验24.1硬件设计与基本概念42824.2固件设计43124.2.1七段显示器43124.2.24×4键盘扫描43324.3固件程序代码的编译与链接43424.4Windows程序, VB设计43624.5问题与讨论437第25章 LCD文字型液晶显示器输出实验25.1硬件设计与基本概念43825.1.1液晶显示器LCD43825.2固件设计45225.3固件程序代码的编译与链接45625.4Windows程序, VB设计45725.5问题与讨论458第26章 LED点阵输出实验26.1硬件设计与基本概念45926.2固件设计46326.3固件程序代码的编译与链接46326.4Windows程序, VB设计46526.5问题与讨论465第27章 步进电机输出实验27.1硬件设计与基本概念46627.1.11相激磁46727.1.22相激磁46727.1.31-2相激磁46827?1?4PMM8713介绍46927.2固件设计47327.3固件程序代码的编译与链接47427.4Windows程序, VB设计47627.5问题与讨论477第28章 I2C接口输入/输出实验28.1硬件设计与基本概念47828.2固件设计48128.3固件程序代码的编译与链接48328.4Windows程序, VB设计48428.5问题与讨论485第29章 A/D转换器与D/A转换器的输入/输出实验29.1硬件设计与基本概念48629.1.1A/D转换器48629.1.2D/A转换器49029.2固件设计49329.2.1A/D转换器的固件设计49329.2.2D/A转换器的固件设计49629.3固件程序代码的编译与链接49729.4Windows程序, VB设计49829.5问题与讨论499第30章 LCG绘图型液晶显示器输出实验30.1硬件设计与基本概念50030.1.1绘图型LCD50030.1.2绘图型LCD控制指令集50330.1.3绘图型LCD读取与写入时序图50530.2固件设计50630.2.1LCG驱动程序50630.2.2USB固件码51330.3固件程序代码的编译与链接51630.4Windows程序, VB设计51730.5问题与讨论518附录A Cypress控制平台的操作A.1EZUSB控制平台总览519A.2主画面520A.3热插拔新的USB设备521A.4各种工具栏的使用524A.5故障排除526A.6控制平台的进阶操作527A.7测试Unary Op工具栏上的按钮功能528A.8测试制造商请求的工具栏 2100 系列的开发电路板 529A.9测试等时传输工具栏532A.10测试批量传输工具栏533A.11测试重置管线工具栏535A.12测试设置接口工具栏537A.13测试制造商请求工具栏 FX系列开发电路板A.14执行Get Device Descriptor 操作来验证开发板的功能是否正确539A.15从EZUSB控制平台中, 加载dev_io的范例并且加以执行540A.16从Keil侦错应用程序中, 加载dev_io范例程序代码, 然后再加以执行542A.17将dev_io 目标文件移开, 且使用Keil IDE 集成开发环境 来重建545A.18在侦错器下执行dev_io目标文件, 并且使用具有侦错能力的IDE547A.19在EZUSB控制平台下, 执行ep_pair目标文件A.20如何修改fw范例, 并在开发电路板上产生等时传输550附录BEZUSB 2100系列及EZUSB FX系列引脚表B.1EZUSB 2100系列引脚表555B?2EZUSB FX系列引脚图表561附录C EZUSB FX寄存器总览附录D EEPROM烧录方式
上传时间： 2013-11-21
上传用户：努力努力再努力
所学的指令LD、LDI、OUT AND、ANI OR、 ORI LDP、 LDF、ANDP、ANDF、 ORP、 ORF ORB、 ANB MPS、 MRD、 MPP MC、 MCRSET RSTNOP END 自锁电路触点的动作发光二极管的工作原理。八段码显示是利用发光二极管的不同段码组合来实现的，它可以实现0到F的显示。抢答器的显示就是利用八段码显示的特性，来完成几个不同组别的显示。用PLC实现八段码显示0～9组的3组以上抢答器的程序编写，并完成以下要求：1）设计由PLC实现的八段码显示0～9组的3组以上抢答器的程序编写，并完成以下要求： ①列出PLC的输入输出地址分配表 ②画出PLC的输入输出接线图（即I/O接线图） ③设计PLC的梯形图 ④根据梯形图列写指令表 2）按PLC控制I/O口（输入/输出）接线图在模拟实验设备上正确接线。
上传时间： 2013-11-22
上传用户：lmeeworm
The C500 microcontroller family usually provides only one on-chip synchronous serialchannel (SSC). If a second SSC is required, an emulation of the missing interface mayhelp to avoid an external hardware solution with additional electronic components.The solution presented in this paper and in the attached source files emulates the mostimportant SSC functions by using optimized SW routines with a performance up to 25KBaud in Slave Mode with half duplex transmission and an overhead less than 60% atSAB C513 with 12 MHz. Due to the implementation in C this performance is not the limitof the chip. A pure implementation in assembler will result in a strong reduction of theCPU load and therefore increase the maximum speed of the interface. In addition,microcontrollers like the SAB C505 will speed up the interface by a factor of two becauseof an optimized architecture compared with the SAB C513.Moreover, this solution lays stress on using as few on-chip hardware resources aspossible. A more excessive consumption of those resources will result in a highermaximum speed of the emulated interface.Due to the restricted performance of an 8 bit microcontroller a pin compatible solution isprovided only; the internal register based programming interface is replaced by a set ofsubroutine calls.The attached source files also contain a test shell, which demonstrates how to exchangeinformation between an on-chip HW-SSC and the emulated SW-SSC via 5 external wiresin different operation modes. It is based on the SAB C513 (Siemens 8 bit microcontroller).A table with load measurements is presented to give an indication for the fraction of CPUperformance required by software for emulating the SSC.
标签： synchronous Emulating serial
上传时间： 2014-01-31
上传用户：z1191176801
This application note shows how to write an Inter Integrated Circuit bus driver (I²C) for the Philips P90CL301micro-controller.It is not only an example of writing a driver, but it also includes a set of application interface software routines toquickly implement a complete I²C multi-master system application.For specific applications the user will have to make minimal changes in the driver program. Using the drivermeans linking modules to your application software and including a header-file into the application sourceprograms. A small example program of how to use the driver is listed.The driver supports i.a. polled or interrupt driven message handling, slave message transfers and multi-mastersystem applications. Furthermore, it is made suitable for use in conjunction with real time operating systems, likepSOS+.
上传时间： 2013-11-23
上传用户：weixiao99
This application note demonstrates how to write an Inter Integrated Circuit bus driver (I2C) for the XA-S3 16-bitMicrocontroller from Philips Semiconductors.Not only the driver software is given. This note also contains a set of (example) interface routines and a smalldemo application program. All together it offers the user a quick start in writing a complete I2C system applicationwith the PXAS3x.The driver routines support interrupt driven single master transfers. Furthermore, the routines are suitable foruse in conjunction with real time operating systems.
上传时间： 2013-11-02
上传用户：zw380105939
提出了一个由AT89C52单片机控制步进电机的实例。可以通过键盘输入相关数据, 并根据需要, 实时对步进电机工作方式进行设置, 具有实时性和交互性的特点。该系统可应用于步进电机控制的大多数场合。实践表明, 系统性能优于传统的步进电机控制器。关键词: 单片机; 步进电动机; 直流固态继电器; 实时控制Con trol System of Stepp ingMotor Ba sed on AT89C52 ChipM icrocomputerMENGWu2sheng, L ILiang (College of Automatization, Northwestern Polytechnical Unversity, Xipan 710072, China)ABSTRACT: A stepp ing motor control system based on AT89C52 chip microcomputer was described.The data can be inputwith keyboard, and stepp ingmotorwas controlled by these data. According to the demand, users can set the workingmodel of stepp ingmotor in real2time. This system can be widely used in stepp ing motor controlling. The p ractice showed that the performance of this system outdid the tradi tional stepp ing motor controller.KEY WORDS: Chip microcomputer; Stepp ingmotor; DCSSR; Real2time control
标签： Control System ingMot Stepp
上传时间： 2013-11-19
上传用户：leesuper
MCSÉ-51 Programmer's Guide and Instruction Set The information presented in this chapter is collected from the MCSÉ-51 Architectural Overview and the HardwareDescription of the 8051, 8052 and 80C51 chapters of this book. The material has been selected and rearranged toform a quick and convenient reference for the programmers of the MCS-51. This guide pertains specifically to the8051, 8052 and 80C51.
上传时间： 2013-11-13
上传用户：hj_18
The AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8Kbytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The deviceis manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and iscompatible with the industry-standard 80C51 and 80C52 instruction set and pinout.The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by aconventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPUwith Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C52 is a powerful microcomputerwhich provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded controlapplications.
上传时间： 2013-11-10
上传用户：1427796291
