The 4.0 kbit/s speech codec described in this paper is based on a Frequency Domain Interpolative (FDI) coding technique, which belongs to the class of prototype waveform Interpolation (PWI) coding techniques. The codec also has an integrated voice activity detector (VAD) and a noise reduction capability. The input signal is subjected to LPC analysis and the prediction residual is separated into a slowly evolving waveform (SEW) and a rapidly evolving waveform (REW) components. The SEW magnitude component is quantized using a hierarchical predictive vector quantization approach. The REW magnitude is quantized using a gain and a sub-band based shape. SEW and REW phases are derived at the decoder using a phase model, based on a transmitted measure of voice periodicity. The spectral (LSP) PARAMETERS are quantized using a combination of scalar and vector quantizers. The 4.0 kbits/s coder has an algorithmic delay of 60 ms and an estimated floating point complexity of 21.5 MIPS. The performance of this coder has been evaluated using in-house MOS tests under various conditions such as background noise. channel errors, self-tandem. and DTX mode of operation, and has been shown to be statistically equivalent to ITU-T (3.729 8 kbps codec across all conditions tested.
标签： frequency-domain interpolation performance Design kbit_s speech coder based and of
上传时间： 2018-04-08
上传用户：kilohorse
Without conceding a blemish in the first edition, I think I had best come clean and admit that I embarked on a second edition largely to adopt a more geometric approach to the detection of signals in white Gaussian noise. Equally rigorous, yet more intuitive, this approach is not only student-friendly, but also extends more easily to the detection problem with random PARAMETERS and to the radar problem
标签： Communication Foundation Digital in
上传时间： 2020-05-26
上传用户：shancjb
Cognitive radio has emerged as a promising technology for maximizing the utiliza- tion of the limited radio bandwidth while accommodating the increasing amount of services and applications in wireless networks. A cognitive radio (CR) transceiver is able to adapt to the dynamic radio environment and the network PARAMETERS to maximize the utilization of the limited radio resources while providing flexibility in wireless access. The key features of a CR transceiver are awareness of the radio envi- ronment (in terms of spectrum usage, power spectral density of transmitted/received signals, wireless protocol signaling) and intelligence.
标签： Cognitive Wireless Network
上传时间： 2020-05-26
上传用户：shancjb
In this paper we revisit hybrid analog-digital precoding systems with emphasis on their modelling and radio-frequency (RF) losses, to realistically evaluate their benefits in 5G system implementations. For this, we decompose the analog beamforming networks (ABFN) as a bank of commonly used RF components and formulate realistic model constraints based on their S-PARAMETERS. Specifically, we concentrate on fully-connected ABFN (FC-ABFN) and Butler networks for implementing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) in the RF domain. The results presented in this paper reveal that the performance and energy efficiency of hybrid precoding systems are severely affected, once practical factors are considered in the overall design. In this context, we also show that Butler RF networks are capable of providing better performances than FC-ABFN for systems with a large number of RF chains.
标签： Analog-Digital Precoding Hybrid
上传时间： 2020-05-27
上传用户：shancjb
This book addresses two aspects of network operation quality; namely, resource management and fault management. Network operation quality is among the functions to be fulfilled in order to offer quality of service, QoS, to the end user. It is characterized by four PARAMETERS: – packet loss; – delay; – jitter, or the variation of delay over time; – availability. Resource management employs mechanisms that enable the first three PARAMETERS to be guaranteed or optimized. Fault management aims to ensure continuity of service.
标签： Ethernet Networks MPLS and IP
上传时间： 2020-05-27
上传用户：shancjb
In this first part of the book the Vienna Link Level (LL) Simulators are described. The first chapter provides basics of LL simulations, introduces the most common variables and PARAMETERS as well as the transceiver structures that are applied in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTEA). We focus here mostly on the Downlink (DL) of LTE as most results reported in later chapters are related to DL transmissions.
标签： LTE-Advanced Simulators Vienna
上传时间： 2020-06-01
上传用户：shancjb
Electricity has been chosen as the most convenient and useful form of energy, due to its ease of transportation over large distances and easy conversion to other energy forms. The biggest inconvenience with electricity is that it cannot be stored and must be utilized at the moment of generation. The storage of a large amount of electrical energy is usually connected with its conversion to other types of energy, which significantly reduces the efficiency of such processes. The aim of the power system, often treated as the biggest and the most complex machine ever built, is to deliver uninterruptible electric energy of demanded quality PARAMETERS to consumers.
标签： Electromagnetic Interference Conducted
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
Since the original publication of Manual 74 in 1991, and the preceding “Guidelines for Transmission Line Structural Loading” in 1984, the understanding of structural loadings on transmission line structures has broadened signifi cantly. However, improvements in computational capa- bility have enabled the transmission line engineer to more easily deter- mine structural loadings without properly understanding the PARAMETERS that affect these loads. Many seasoned professionals have expressed concern for the apparent lack of recent information on the topic of struc- tural loadings as new engineers enter this industry. The Committee on Electrical Transmission Structures is charged with the responsibility to report, evaluate, and provide loading requirements of transmission struc- tures. This task committee was therefore formed to update and revise the 1991 manual.
标签： Transmission Guidelines Electrical Line for
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
This book is about the systematic application of the switching function technique for theanalysisofpowerelectroniccircuits. Theswitchingfunctionmethodofanalysisis basedonthederivationofthevoltage–currentexpressionsofaswitchedcircuitcover- ing all modes into a single expression, a ‘unified expression’. A ‘unified expression’ istheresultofapplyingthesuperpositiontheoreminordertocombinetheexpressions of all modes of the circuit into one expression with time varying PARAMETERS.
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
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上传时间： 2021-10-22
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