Analog Inputs and Outputs in an S7 PLC are represented in the PLC as a 16-bit integer. Over the nominal span of the analog input or output, the value of this integer will range between - 27648 and +27648. However, it is easier to use the analog values if they are scaled to the same units and ranges as the process being controlled. This applications tip describes methods for scaling analog values to and from engineering units.
上传时间： 2013-11-17
上传用户：3294322651
引言 在数字信息传输中，基带数字信号通常要经过调制器调制，将频率搬移到适合信息传输的频段上。2FSK就是用数字信号去调制载波的频率（移频键控），由于它具有方法简单、易于实现、抗噪声和抗衰落性能较强等优点，因此在现代数字通信系统的低、中速数据传输中得到了广泛应用。 直接数字频率合成技术(DDS)将先进的数字处理技术与方法引入信号合成领域。DDS器件采用高速数字电路和高速D/A转换技术，具备频率转换时间短、频率分辨率高、频率稳定度高、输出信号频率和相位可快速程控切换等优点，可以实现对信号的全数字式调制。
上传时间： 2014-12-27
上传用户：1427796291
The PCA9555 is a 24-pin CMOS device that provides 16 bits of General Purpose parallelInput/Output (GPIO) expansion for I2C-bus/SMBus applications and was developed toenhance the NXP Semiconductors family of I2C-bus I/O expanders. The improvementsinclude higher drive capability, 5 V I/O tolerance, lower supply current, individual I/Oconfiguration, and smaller packaging. I/O expanders provide a simple solution whenadditional I/O is needed for ACPI power switches, sensors, push buttons, LEDs, fans, etc.The PCA9555 consists of two 8-bit Configuration (Input or Output selection); Input, Outputand Polarity Inversion (active HIGH or active LOW operation) registers. The systemmaster can enable the I/Os as either inputs or outputs by writing to the I/O configurationbits. The data for each Input or Output is kept in the corresponding Input or Outputregister. The polarity of the read register can be inverted with the Polarity Inversionregister. All registers can be read by the system master. Although pin-to-pin and I2C-busaddress compatible with the PCF8575, software changes are required due to theenhancements, and are discussed in Application Note AN469.
上传时间： 2013-11-13
上传用户：fredguo
The PCA9557 is a silicon CMOS circuit which provides parallel input/output expansion for SMBus and I2C-bus applications. The PCA9557 consists of an 8-bit input port register, 8-bit output port register, and an I2C-bus/SMBus interface. It has low current consumption and a high-impedance open-drain output pin, IO0. The system master can enable the PCA9557’s I/O as either input or output by writing to the configuration register. The system master can also invert the PCA9557 inputs by writing to the active HIGH polarity inversion register. Finally, the system master can reset the PCA9557 in the event of a time-out by asserting a LOW in the reset input. The power-on reset puts the registers in their default state and initializes the I2C-bus/SMBus state machine. The RESET pin causes the same reset/initialization to occur without de-powering the part.
上传时间： 2014-01-18
上传用户：bs2005
摘要: 串行传输技术具有更高的传输速率和更低的设计成本, 已成为业界首选, 被广泛应用于高速通信领域。提出了一种新的高速串行传输接口的设计方案, 改进了Aurora 协议数据帧格式定义的弊端, 并采用高速串行收发器Rocket I/O, 实现数据率为2.5 Gbps的高速串行传输。关键词: 高速串行传输; Rocket I/O; Aurora 协议 为促使FPGA 芯片与串行传输技术更好地结合以满足市场需求, Xilinx 公司适时推出了内嵌高速串行收发器RocketI/O 的Virtex II Pro 系列FPGA 和可升级的小型链路层协议———Aurora 协议。Rocket I/O支持从622 Mbps 至3.125 Gbps的全双工传输速率, 还具有8 B/10 B 编解码、时钟生成及恢复等功能, 可以理想地适用于芯片之间或背板的高速串行数据传输。Aurora 协议是为专有上层协议或行业标准的上层协议提供透明接口的第一款串行互连协议, 可用于高速线性通路之间的点到点串行数据传输, 同时其可扩展的带宽, 为系统设计人员提供了所需要的灵活性[4]。但该协议帧格式的定义存在弊端,会导致系统资源的浪费。本文提出的设计方案可以改进Aurora 协议的固有缺陷,提高系统性能, 实现数据率为2.5 Gbps 的高速串行传输, 具有良好的可行性和广阔的应用前景。
上传时间： 2013-11-06
上传用户：smallfish
The NCV7356 is a physical layer device for a single wire data linkcapable of operating with various Carrier Sense Multiple Accesswith Collision Resolution (CSMA/CR) protocols such as the BoschController Area Network (CAN) version 2.0. This serial data linknetwork is intended for use in applications where high data rate is notrequired and a lower data rate can achieve cost reductions in both thephysical media components and in the microprocessor and/ordedicated logic devices which use the network.The network shall be able to operate in either the normal data ratemode or a high-speed data download mode for assembly line andservice data transfer operations. The high-speed mode is onlyintended to be operational when the bus is attached to an off-boardservice node. This node shall provide temporary bus electrical loadswhich facilitate higher speed operation. Such temporary loads shouldbe removed when not performing download operations.The bit rate for normal communications is typically 33 kbit/s, forhigh-speed transmissions like described above a typical bit rate of83 kbit/s is recommended. The NCV7356 features undervoltagelockout, timeout for faulty blocked input signals, output blankingtime in case of bus ringing and a very low sleep mode current.
上传时间： 2013-10-24
上传用户：s蓝莓汁
The LPC2292/2294 microcontrollers are based on a 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, together with 256 kB of embedded high-speed flash memory. A 128-bit wide memory interface and a unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum clock rate. For critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb mode reduces code by more than 30 pct with minimal performance penalty. With their 144-pin package, low power consumption, various 32-bit timers, 8-channel 10-bit ADC, 2/4 (LPC2294) advanced CAN channels, PWM channels and up to nine external interrupt pins these microcontrollers are particularly suitable for automotive and industrial control applications as well as medical systems and fault-tolerant maintenance buses. The number of available fast GPIOs ranges from 76 (with external memory) through 112 (single-chip). With a wide range of additional serial communications interfaces, they are also suited for communication gateways and protocol converters as well as many other general-purpose applications. Remark: Throughout the data sheet, the term LPC2292/2294 will apply to devices with and without the /00 or /01 suffix. The suffixes /00 and /01 will be used to differentiate from other devices only when necessary.
上传时间： 2014-12-30
上传用户：aysyzxzm
Keil C51 V8 专业开发工具（PK51） PK51是为8051系列单片机所设计的开发工具，支持所有8051系列衍生产品，，支持带扩展存储器和扩展指令集（例如Dallas390/5240/400,Philips 51MX,Analog Devices MicroConverters）的新设备,以及支持很多公司的一流的设备和IP内核,比如Analog Devices, Atmel, Cypress Semiconductor, Dallas Semiconductor, Goal, Hynix, Infineon, Intel, NXP(founded by Philips), OKI, Silicon Labs,SMSC, STMicroeleectronics,Synopsis, TDK, Temic, Texas Instruments,Winbond等。 通过PK51专业级开发工具，可以轻松地了解8051的On-chip peripherals与及其它关键特性。 The PK51专业级开发工具包括… l μVision Ø 集成开发环境 Ø 调试器 Ø 软件模拟器 l Keil 8051扩展编译工具 Ø AX51宏汇编程序 Ø ANSI C编译工具 Ø LX51 连接器 Ø OHX51 Object-HEX 转换器 l Keil 8051编译工具 Ø A51宏汇编程序 Ø C51 ANSI C编译工具 Ø BL51 代码库连接器 Ø OHX51 Object-HEX 转换器 Ø OC51 集合目标转换器 l 目标调试器 Ø FlashMON51 目标监控器 Ø MON51目标监控器 Ø MON390 (Dallas 390)目标监控器 Ø MONADI (Analog Devices 812)目标监控器 Ø ISD51 在系统调试 l RTX51微实时内核 你应该考虑PK51开发工具包,如果你… l 需要用8051系列单片机来开发 l 需要开发 Dallas 390 或者 Philips 51MX代码 l 需要用C编写代码 l 需要一个软件模拟器或是没有硬件仿真器 l 需要在单芯片上基于小实时内核创建复杂的应用
上传时间： 2013-10-30
上传用户：yy_cn
多维多选择背包问题(MMKP)是0-1背包问题的延伸，背包核已经被用来设计解决背包问题的高效算法。目的是研究如何获得一种背包核，并以此高效处理多维多选择背包问题。首先给出了一种方法确定MMKP的核，然后阐述了利用核精确解决MMKP问题的B&B算法，列出了具体的算法步骤。在分析了算法的存储复杂度后，将算法在各种实例上的运行效果与目前解决MMKP问题的常用算法的运行效果进行了比较，发现本文的算法性能优于以往任何算法。
上传时间： 2013-11-20
上传用户：wangw7689
摘要: 串行传输技术具有更高的传输速率和更低的设计成本, 已成为业界首选, 被广泛应用于高速通信领域。提出了一种新的高速串行传输接口的设计方案, 改进了Aurora 协议数据帧格式定义的弊端, 并采用高速串行收发器Rocket I/O, 实现数据率为2.5 Gbps的高速串行传输。关键词: 高速串行传输; Rocket I/O; Aurora 协议 为促使FPGA 芯片与串行传输技术更好地结合以满足市场需求, Xilinx 公司适时推出了内嵌高速串行收发器RocketI/O 的Virtex II Pro 系列FPGA 和可升级的小型链路层协议———Aurora 协议。Rocket I/O支持从622 Mbps 至3.125 Gbps的全双工传输速率, 还具有8 B/10 B 编解码、时钟生成及恢复等功能, 可以理想地适用于芯片之间或背板的高速串行数据传输。Aurora 协议是为专有上层协议或行业标准的上层协议提供透明接口的第一款串行互连协议, 可用于高速线性通路之间的点到点串行数据传输, 同时其可扩展的带宽, 为系统设计人员提供了所需要的灵活性[4]。但该协议帧格式的定义存在弊端,会导致系统资源的浪费。本文提出的设计方案可以改进Aurora 协议的固有缺陷,提高系统性能, 实现数据率为2.5 Gbps 的高速串行传输, 具有良好的可行性和广阔的应用前景。
上传时间： 2013-10-13
上传用户：lml1234lml
