文章提出了一种精简指令集8 位单片机中, 算术逻辑单元的工作原理。在此基础上, 对比传统PIC 方案、以及在ALU 内部再次采用流水线作业的332 方案、44 方案, 并用Synopsys 综合工具实现了它们。综合及仿真结果表明, 根据该单片机系统要求, 44 方案速度最高, 比332 方案可提高43.9%, 而面积仅比最小的332 方案增加1.6%。在分析性能差异的根本原因之后, 阐明了该方案的优越性。关键词: 单片机, 精简指令集, 算术逻辑单元, 流水线 Abstract: Work principle for ALU in an 8_bit RISC Singlechip microcomputer is described. The traditional PIC scheme, 332 Pipeline scheme and 44 Pipeline scheme are compared on the base of the principle, which are IMPLEMENTed using Synopsys design tools. Results from synthesis and simulation shows that 44 scheme operates the fast, which is 43.9% faster and only 1.6% larger than 332 scheme. The essential reason why the performance is so different is analyzed.Then the advantage of 44 scheme is clarified.Key words: Singlechip, Microcomputer, RISC, ALU, Pipeline
上传时间： 2013-10-18
上传用户：xiaoyaa
The solution presented in this paper and in the attached source files emulates the mostimportant SSC functions by using SW routines IMPLEMENTed in C. The code is focused onthe SAB C513, but will fit to all C500 derivatives.Beyond the low level software drivers a test shell is delivered. This shell allows a quicktest of the software drivers by an emulator or a starter kit demo board.
上传时间： 2013-11-24
上传用户：363186
In this document, the term Ô60xÕ is used to denote a 32-bit microprocessor from the PowerPC architecture family that conforms to the bus interface of the PowerPC 601ª, PowerPC 603ª, or PowerPC 604 microprocessors. Note that this does not include the PowerPC 602ª microprocessor which has a multiplexed address/data bus. 60x processors implement the PowerPC architecture as it is speciÞed for 32-bit addressing, which provides 32-bit effective (logical) addresses, integer data types of 8, 16, and 32 bits,and ßoating-point data types of 32 and 64 bits (single-precision and double-precision).1.1 Overview The MPC106 provides an integrated high-bandwidth, high-performance, TTL-compatible interface between a 60x processor, a secondary (L2) cache or additional (up to four total) 60x processors, the PCI bus,and main memory. This section provides a block diagram showing the major functional units of the 106 and describes brießy how those units interact.Figure 1 shows the major functional units within the 106. Note that this is a conceptual block diagram intended to show the basic features rather than an attempt to show how these features are physically IMPLEMENTed on the device.
上传时间： 2013-10-08
上传用户：18711024007
All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The effect of the IMPLEMENTed Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.For input signals, which do not provide the required rise/fall times, external circuitry mustbe used to shape the signal transitions.In the attached diagram, the effect of the sample rate is shown. The numbers 1 to 5 in thediagram represent possible sample points. Waveform a) shows the result if the inputsignal transition time through the undefined TTL-level area is less than the time distancebetween the sample points (sampling at 1, 2, 3, and 4). Waveform b) can be the result ifthe sampling is performed more than once within the undefined area (sampling at 1, 2, 5,3, and 4).Sample points:1. Evaluation of the signal clearly results in a low level2. Either a low or a high level can be sampled here. If low is sampled, no transition willbe detected. If the sample results in a high level, a transition is detected, and anappropriate action (e.g. capture) might take place.3. Evaluation here clearly results in a high level. If the previous sample 2) had alreadydetected a high, there is no change. If the previous sample 2) showed a low, atransition from low to high is detected now.
上传时间： 2013-10-23
上传用户：copu
All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The effect of the IMPLEMENTed Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.
上传时间： 2014-04-02
上传用户：han_zh
WP369可扩展式处理平台-各种嵌入式系统的理想解决方案 ：Delivering unrivaled levels of system performance,flexibility, scalability, and integration to developers,Xilinx's architecture for a new Extensible Processing Platform is optimized for system power, cost, and size. Based on ARM's dual-core Cortex™-A9 MPCore processors and Xilinx’s 28 nm programmable logic,the Extensible Processing Platform takes a processor-centric approach by defining a comprehensive processor system IMPLEMENTed with standard design methods. This approach provides Software Developers a familiar programming environment within an optimized, full featured,powerful, yet low-cost, low-power processing platform.
上传时间： 2013-10-22
上传用户：685
针对传统集成电路（ASIC）功能固定、升级困难等缺点，利用FPGA实现了扩频通信芯片STEL-2000A的核心功能。使用ISE提供的DDS IP核实现NCO模块，在下变频模块调用了硬核乘法器并引入CIC滤波器进行低通滤波，给出了DQPSK解调的原理和实现方法，推导出一种简便的引入?仔/4固定相移的实现方法。采用模块化的设计方法使用VHDL语言编写出源程序，在Virtex-II Pro 开发板上成功实现了整个系统。测试结果表明该系统正确实现了STEL-2000A的核心功能。 Abstract: To overcome drawbacks of ASIC such as fixed functionality and upgrade difficulty, FPGA was used to realize the core functions of STEL-2000A. This paper used the DDS IP core provided by ISE to realize the NCO module, called hard core multiplier and IMPLEMENTed CIC filter in the down converter, described the principle and implementation detail of the demodulation of DQPSK, and derived a simple method to introduce a fixed phase shift of ?仔/4. The VHDL source code was designed by modularity method , and the complete system was successfully IMPLEMENTed on Virtex-II Pro development board. Test results indicate that this system successfully realize the core function of the STEL-2000A.
上传时间： 2013-11-06
上传用户：liu123
Abstract: Communication with 1-Wire slave devices requires a 1-Wire master. There are numerous ways to build a 1-Wire master (see reference design 4206, "Choosing the Right 1-Wire Master for Embedded Applications"). Thisdocument describes the DS1WM, a synthesizable 1-Wire master that can be IMPLEMENTed in an application-specificintegrated circuit (ASIC) or field-programmable gate array (FPGA).
上传时间： 2014-12-22
上传用户：xanxuan
With the Altera Nios II embedded processor, you as the system designercan accelerate time-critical software algorithms by adding custominstructions to the Nios II processor instruction set. Using custominstructions, you can reduce a complex sequence of standard instructionsto a single instruction IMPLEMENTed in hardware. You can use this featurefor a variety of applications, for example, to optimize software innerloops for digital signal processing (DSP), packet header processing, andcomputation-intensive applications. The Nios II configuration wizard,part of the Quartus® II software’s SOPC Builder, provides a graphicaluser interface (GUI) used to add up to 256 custom instructions to theNios II processor
上传时间： 2013-11-07
上传用户：swing
Abstract: While many questions still surround the creation and deployment of the smart grid, the need for a reliablecommunications infrastructure is indisputable. Developers of the IEEE 1901.2 standard identified difficult channel conditionscharacteristic of low-frequency powerline communications and IMPLEMENTed an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)architecture using advanced modulation and channel-coding techniques. This strategy helped to ensure a robust communicationsnetwork for the smart grid.
上传时间： 2013-10-18
上传用户：myworkpost
