The 4.0 kbit/s speech codec described in this paper is based on a Frequency Domain Interpolative (FDI) coding technique, which belongs to the class of prototype waveform Interpolation (PWI) coding techniques. The codec also has an integrated voice activity detector (VAD) and a noise reduction capability. The input signal is subjected to LPC analysis and the prediction residual is separated into a slowly evolving waveform (SEW) and a rapidly evolving waveform (REW) components. The SEW magnitude component is quantized using a hierarchical predictive vector quantization approach. The REW magnitude is quantized using a gain and a sub-band based shape. SEW and REW phases are derived at the decoder using a phase model, based on a transmitted measure of voice periodicity. The spectral (LSP) parameters are quantized using a combination of scalar and vector quantizers. The 4.0 kbits/s coder has an algorithmic delay of 60 ms and an estimated floating point complexity of 21.5 MIPS. The performance of this coder has been evaluated using in-house MOS tests under various conditions such as background noise. channel Errors, self-tandem. and DTX mode of operation, and has been shown to be statistically equivalent to ITU-T (3.729 8 kbps codec across all conditions tested.
标签： frequency-domain interpolation performance Design kbit_s speech coder based and of
上传时间： 2018-04-08
上传用户：kilohorse
Accurate pose estimation plays an important role in solution of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem, required for many robotic applications. This paper presents a new approach called R-SLAM, primarily to overcome systematic and non-systematic odometry Errors which are generally caused by uneven floors, unexpected objects on the floor or wheel-slippage due to skidding or fast turns.The hybrid approach presented here combines the strengths of feature based and grid based methods to produce globally consistent high resolution maps within various types of environments.
标签： localization environments challenging Resilient mapping R-SLAM and in
上传时间： 2019-09-15
上传用户：zhudx2007
Ever since ancient times, people continuously have devised new techniques and technologies for communicating their ideas, needs, and desires to others. Thus, many forms of increasingly complex communication systems have appeared over the years. The basic motivations behind each new one were to improve the transmission fidelity so that fewer Errors occur in the received message, to increase the transmission capacity of a communication link so that more infor- mation could be sent, or to increase the transmission distance between relay sta- tions so that messages can be sent farther without the need to restore the signal fidelity periodically along its path.
标签： Communications Essentials Optical
上传时间： 2020-05-31
上传用户：shancjb
The first edition of the book was one of the elements of my habilitation (a quali- fication above a Ph.D., which is a necessary step for obtaining the title of a professor in Poland and other European countries), and as a result it was subse- quently very carefully reviewed by four reviewers. The habilitation was a success. Using the insightful comments from my reviewers, I have improved the current version and eliminated some typographic Errors that were initially overlooked.
标签： Electronics Circuits Control Power DSP in
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
软件开发人员必备工具书，，目录如下Welcome to Software Construction [1]1.1 What Is Software Construction?1.2 Why Is Software Construction Important?1.3 How to Read This Book......7.1 Valid Reasons to Create a Routine7.2 Design at the Routine Level7.3 Good Routine Names7.4 How Long Can a Routine Be?7.5 How to Use Routine Parameters7.6 Special Considerations in the Use of Functions7.7 Macro Routines and Inline RoutinesDefensive Programming [5.6 + new material]8.1 Protecting Your Program From Invalid Inputs8.2 Assertions8.3 Error Handling Techniques8.4 Exceptions8.5 Barricade Your Program to Contain the Damage Caused by Errors8.6 Debugging Aids8.7 Determining How Much Defensive Programming to Leave in Production Code8.8 Being Defensive About Defensive ProgrammingThe Pseudocode Programming Process [4+new material]9.1 Summary of Steps in Building Classes and Routines9.2 Pseudocode for Pros9.3 Constructing Routines Using the PPP9.4 Alternatives to the PPP......
上传时间： 2021-12-08
上传用户：20125101110
1.bus indices out of range 总线分支索引超出范围2.Bus range syntax Errors 总线范围的语法错误3.Illegal bus range values 非法的总线范围值4.Illegal bus definitions 定义的总线非法5.Mismatched bus label ordering 总线分支网络标号错误排序6.Mismatched bus/wire object on wire/bus 总线/导线错误的连接导线/总线
标签： Altium Designer
上传时间： 2022-04-17
上传用户：qdxqdxqdxqdx
数字频率计是电工电子中常用的测量仪器,数字频率计通过用输入待测信号对一特定长度的信号进行计数,从而得出频率并通过数码管直观的显示出来。本文提出了一种与输入同步的数字频率计的设计,提高了频率计的精度,设计采用Multisim软件进行设计和仿真的过程,介绍了其工作原理,硬件电路设计和仿真的过程。设计采用了Multisim软件进行设计和仿真,设计结果得到的验证。Digital frequency counter is used to measure the frequency of a signal.It is common to use a multivibrator to generate a standard 1 second time base signal and count input signal gated by this signal.However,the asynchronous of this time base signal with input signal will bring Errors.In this paper,a high precision frequency counter which use synchronized time base signal generator is proposed.This frequency counter is designed and simulated by Multisim tools and result is verified.
标签： multisim
上传时间： 2022-05-08
上传用户：woyaotandang
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上传时间： 2022-06-25
上传用户：moh2000
#nclude<reg51.h>#include<intrins.h>#销nclude<math.h>#include<string.h>struct PID{unsigned int SetPoint；//设定目标 Desired Value unsigned int Proportion；//比例常数Proportional Const unsigned int integral；//积分常数Integral Const unsigned int Derivative://微分常数Derivative Const unsigned int LastError；//Emorl-1]unsigned int PrevError；//Errorl-2]unsigned int SumError；//Sums of Errors struct PID spid；//PID Control Structure unsigned int rout；//PID Response（Output）unsigned int rin://PID Feedback（Input）sbit data1=P100；sbit clk=P141；sbit plus=P240；sbit subs=P241：sbit stop=P22；sbit output=P34；sbit DQ=P33；unsigned char flag，flag_1=0；unsigned char high_time，low_time，.count=0，/占空比调节参数unsigned char set_temper=35；unsigned char temper；unsigned chari：unsigned charj=0；unsigned ints；
上传时间： 2022-07-02
上传用户：xsr1983
