磁芯电感器的谐波失真分析 摘 要：简述了改进铁氧体软磁材料比损耗系数和磁滞常数ηB，从而降低总谐波失真THD的历史过程，分析了诸多因数对谐波测量的影响，提出了磁心性能的调控方向。 关键词：比损耗系数， 磁滞常数ηB ，直流偏置特性DC-Bias，总谐波失真THD Analysis on THD of the fer rite co res u se d i n i nductancShi Yan Nanjing Finemag Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210033 Abstract: Histrory of decreasing THD by improving the ratio loss coefficient and hysteresis constant of soft magnetic ferrite is briefly narrated. The EFFECT of many factors which affect the harmonic wave testing is analysed. The way of improving the performance of ferrite cores is put forward. Key words: ratio loss coefficient，hysteresis constant，DC-Bias，THD 近年来，变压器生产厂家和软磁铁氧体生产厂家，在电感器和变压器产品的总谐波失真指标控制上，进行了深入的探讨和广泛的合作，逐步弄清了一些似是而非的问题。从工艺技术上采取了不少有效措施，促进了质量问题的迅速解决。本文将就此热门话题作一些粗浅探讨。 一、 历史回顾 总谐波失真（Total harmonic distortion） ，简称THD，并不是什么新的概念，早在几十年前的载波通信技术中就已有严格要求<1>。1978年邮电部公布的标准YD/Z17－78“载波用铁氧体罐形磁心”中，规定了高μQ材料制作的无中心柱配对罐形磁心详细的测试电路和方法。如图一电路所示，利用LC组成的150KHz低通滤波器在高电平输入的情况下测量磁心产生的非线性失真。这种相对比较的实用方法，专用于无中心柱配对罐形磁心的谐波衰耗测试。 这种磁心主要用于载波电报、电话设备的遥测振荡器和线路放大器系统，其非线性失真有很严格的要求。 图中 ZD —— QF867 型阻容式载频振荡器，输出阻抗 150Ω， Ld47 —— 47KHz 低通滤波器，阻抗 150Ω，阻带衰耗大于61dB， Lg88 ——并联高低通滤波器，阻抗 150Ω，三次谐波衰耗大于61dB Ld88 ——并联高低通滤波器，阻抗 150Ω，三次谐波衰耗大于61dB FD —— 30～50KHz 放大器， 阻抗 150Ω， 增益不小于 43 dB，三次谐波衰耗b3(0)≥91 dB, DP —— Qp373 选频电平表，输入高阻抗， L ——被测无心罐形磁心及线圈， C ——聚苯乙烯薄膜电容器CMO-100V-707APF±0.5%,二只。 测量时，所配用线圈应用丝包铜电磁线SQJ9×0.12(JB661-75)在直径为16.1mm的线架上绕制 120 匝， （线架为一格） ， 其空心电感值为 318μH（误差1％） 被测磁心配对安装好后，先调节振荡器频率为 36.6～40KHz， 使输出电平值为+17.4 dB， 即选频表在 22′端子测得的主波电平 （P2）为+17.4 dB，然后在33′端子处测得输出的三次谐波电平（P3）， 则三次谐波衰耗值为：b3(+2)= P2+S+ P3 式中：S 为放大器增益dB 从以往的资料引证， 就可以发现谐波失真的测量是一项很精细的工作，其中测量系统的高、低通滤波器，信号源和放大器本身的三次谐波衰耗控制很严，阻抗必须匹配，薄膜电容器的非线性也有相应要求。滤波器的电感全由不带任何磁介质的大空心线圈绕成，以保证本身的“洁净” ，不至于造成对磁心分选的误判。 为了满足多路通信整机的小型化和稳定性要求， 必须生产低损耗高稳定磁心。上世纪 70 年代初，1409 所和四机部、邮电部各厂，从工艺上改变了推板空气窑烧结，出窑后经真空罐冷却的落后方式，改用真空炉，并控制烧结、冷却气氛。技术上采用共沉淀法攻关试制出了μQ乘积 60 万和 100 万的低损耗高稳定材料，在此基础上，还实现了高μ7000～10000材料的突破，从而大大缩短了与国外企业的技术差异。当时正处于通信技术由FDM（频率划分调制）向PCM（脉冲编码调制） 转换时期， 日本人明石雅夫发表了μQ乘积125 万为 0.8×10 ，100KHz）的超优铁氧体材料<3>，其磁滞系数降为优铁
上传时间： 2014-12-24
上传用户：7891
Abstract: Nonideal cable dispersive EFFECTs can affect system performance. This application note discusses the twomain loss EFFECTs related to cables (skin-EFFECT and dielectric losses), and presents a simple method of modeling thecable for use in standard SPICE simulators.
上传时间： 2014-11-18
上传用户：wxnumen
针对煤矿井下调度及紧急救援系统的需求，以DTMF编解码模块为核心，设计了具有自动拨号功能的新型电话系统。该系统利用MT8880对DTMF信号的编解码功能实现一键拨号和远程设置，通过检测振铃和忙音信号，完成自动摘机和挂机过程，配合AGC等外围电路达到话音清晰流畅的效果。 Abstract: To meet the demand for mine scheduling and emergency rescue system， with using DTMF signal codec as the core， a new telephone system was designed with automatic dialing function. In the system， the DTMF signal encoding and decoding function of MT8880 was used to achieve one-touch dialing and remote setting. The circuit detects the ringing and busy signal， and then completes automatic off-hook and hangup. With AGC(Automatic Gain Control) and other peripheral circuits， the voice was regulated to a clear and smooth EFFECT.
上传时间： 2014-11-18
上传用户：ly1994
介绍一种以Atmel公司的Attiny13为处理器的投影仪防盗器设计方案。该防盗器具有功耗低，功能完整，防盗效果良好等特点，除具有报警功能外，防盗器还具有以无线方式向主机发送报警信号的功能。采用315MHz发射模块实现无线信号发送。该投影仪防盗器可适应众多厂家生产的防盗器主机。 Abstract: This paper introduces the design scheme of overhead projector's anti-theft device which users ATMEL company’s Attiny13as processor.This anti-theft device features low powerloss，functional integrity，good EFFECT of anti-theft.In addition to its own with alarm functions，the anti-theft device also has alarm function which can send alarm signal to the host through wireless way.It sends wireless signal using315MHz transmitting module，so this overhead projector’s anti-theft device is adapted to anti-theft device host produced by many manufacturers.
上传时间： 2013-11-02
上传用户：ysystc699
All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The EFFECT of the implemented Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.For input signals, which do not provide the required rise/fall times, external circuitry mustbe used to shape the signal transitions.In the attached diagram, the EFFECT of the sample rate is shown. The numbers 1 to 5 in thediagram represent possible sample points. Waveform a) shows the result if the inputsignal transition time through the undefined TTL-level area is less than the time distancebetween the sample points (sampling at 1, 2, 3, and 4). Waveform b) can be the result ifthe sampling is performed more than once within the undefined area (sampling at 1, 2, 5,3, and 4).Sample points:1. Evaluation of the signal clearly results in a low level2. Either a low or a high level can be sampled here. If low is sampled, no transition willbe detected. If the sample results in a high level, a transition is detected, and anappropriate action (e.g. capture) might take place.3. Evaluation here clearly results in a high level. If the previous sample 2) had alreadydetected a high, there is no change. If the previous sample 2) showed a low, atransition from low to high is detected now.
上传时间： 2013-10-23
上传用户：copu
All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The EFFECT of the implemented Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.
上传时间： 2014-04-02
上传用户：han_zh
无刷电机驱动,Complementary Enhancement Mode Field EFFECT Transistor
上传时间： 2013-11-14
上传用户：ewtrwrtwe
针对UHF读写器设计中，在符合EPC Gen2标准的情况下，对标签返回的高速数据进行正确解码以达到正确读取标签的要求，提出了一种新的在ARM平台下采用边沿捕获统计定时器数判断数据的方法，并对FM0编码进行解码。与传统的使用定时器定时采样高低电平的FM0解码方法相比，该解码方法可以减少定时器定时误差累积的影响；可以将捕获定时器数中断与数据判断解码相对分隔开，使得中断对解码影响很小，实现捕获与解码的同步。通过实验表明，这种方法提高了解码的效率，在160 Kb/s的接收速度下，读取一张标签的时间约为30次/s。 Abstract: Aiming at the requirement of receiving correctly decoded data from the tag under high-speed communication which complied with EPC Gen2 standard in the design of UHF interrogator， the article introduced a new technology for FM0 decoding which counted the timer counter to judge data by using the edge interval of signal capture based on the ARM7 platform. Compared with the traditional FM0 decoding method which used the timer timed to sample the high and low level， the method could reduce the accumulation of timing error and could relatively separate capture timer interrupt and the data judgment for decoding， so that the disruption EFFECT on the decoding was small and realizd synchronization of capture and decoding. Testing result shows that the method improves the efficiency of decoding， at 160 Kb/s receiving speed， the time of the interrogator to read a tag is about 30 times/s.
上传时间： 2013-11-10
上传用户：liufei
磁芯电感器的谐波失真分析 摘 要：简述了改进铁氧体软磁材料比损耗系数和磁滞常数ηB，从而降低总谐波失真THD的历史过程，分析了诸多因数对谐波测量的影响，提出了磁心性能的调控方向。 关键词：比损耗系数， 磁滞常数ηB ，直流偏置特性DC-Bias，总谐波失真THD Analysis on THD of the fer rite co res u se d i n i nductancShi Yan Nanjing Finemag Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210033 Abstract: Histrory of decreasing THD by improving the ratio loss coefficient and hysteresis constant of soft magnetic ferrite is briefly narrated. The EFFECT of many factors which affect the harmonic wave testing is analysed. The way of improving the performance of ferrite cores is put forward. Key words: ratio loss coefficient，hysteresis constant，DC-Bias，THD 近年来，变压器生产厂家和软磁铁氧体生产厂家，在电感器和变压器产品的总谐波失真指标控制上，进行了深入的探讨和广泛的合作，逐步弄清了一些似是而非的问题。从工艺技术上采取了不少有效措施，促进了质量问题的迅速解决。本文将就此热门话题作一些粗浅探讨。 一、 历史回顾 总谐波失真（Total harmonic distortion） ，简称THD，并不是什么新的概念，早在几十年前的载波通信技术中就已有严格要求<1>。1978年邮电部公布的标准YD/Z17－78“载波用铁氧体罐形磁心”中，规定了高μQ材料制作的无中心柱配对罐形磁心详细的测试电路和方法。如图一电路所示，利用LC组成的150KHz低通滤波器在高电平输入的情况下测量磁心产生的非线性失真。这种相对比较的实用方法，专用于无中心柱配对罐形磁心的谐波衰耗测试。 这种磁心主要用于载波电报、电话设备的遥测振荡器和线路放大器系统，其非线性失真有很严格的要求。 图中 ZD —— QF867 型阻容式载频振荡器，输出阻抗 150Ω， Ld47 —— 47KHz 低通滤波器，阻抗 150Ω，阻带衰耗大于61dB， Lg88 ——并联高低通滤波器，阻抗 150Ω，三次谐波衰耗大于61dB Ld88 ——并联高低通滤波器，阻抗 150Ω，三次谐波衰耗大于61dB FD —— 30～50KHz 放大器， 阻抗 150Ω， 增益不小于 43 dB，三次谐波衰耗b3(0)≥91 dB, DP —— Qp373 选频电平表，输入高阻抗， L ——被测无心罐形磁心及线圈， C ——聚苯乙烯薄膜电容器CMO-100V-707APF±0.5%,二只。 测量时，所配用线圈应用丝包铜电磁线SQJ9×0.12(JB661-75)在直径为16.1mm的线架上绕制 120 匝， （线架为一格） ， 其空心电感值为 318μH（误差1％） 被测磁心配对安装好后，先调节振荡器频率为 36.6～40KHz， 使输出电平值为+17.4 dB， 即选频表在 22′端子测得的主波电平 （P2）为+17.4 dB，然后在33′端子处测得输出的三次谐波电平（P3）， 则三次谐波衰耗值为：b3(+2)= P2+S+ P3 式中：S 为放大器增益dB 从以往的资料引证， 就可以发现谐波失真的测量是一项很精细的工作，其中测量系统的高、低通滤波器，信号源和放大器本身的三次谐波衰耗控制很严，阻抗必须匹配，薄膜电容器的非线性也有相应要求。滤波器的电感全由不带任何磁介质的大空心线圈绕成，以保证本身的“洁净” ，不至于造成对磁心分选的误判。 为了满足多路通信整机的小型化和稳定性要求， 必须生产低损耗高稳定磁心。上世纪 70 年代初，1409 所和四机部、邮电部各厂，从工艺上改变了推板空气窑烧结，出窑后经真空罐冷却的落后方式，改用真空炉，并控制烧结、冷却气氛。技术上采用共沉淀法攻关试制出了μQ乘积 60 万和 100 万的低损耗高稳定材料，在此基础上，还实现了高μ7000～10000材料的突破，从而大大缩短了与国外企业的技术差异。当时正处于通信技术由FDM（频率划分调制）向PCM（脉冲编码调制） 转换时期， 日本人明石雅夫发表了μQ乘积125 万为 0.8×10 ，100KHz）的超优铁氧体材料<3>，其磁滞系数降为优铁
上传时间： 2013-12-15
上传用户：天空说我在
* This function positions the cursor at the specified * x,y coordinate. It uses the ANSI standard ESCAPE * * sequence to produce the desired EFFECT. Its not the * * fastest way to position the cursor, but perhaps the * * most portable. *
标签： the coordinate positions specified
上传时间： 2015-02-24
上传用户：chenjjer
