现代的电子设计和芯片制造技术正在飞速发展,电子产品的复杂度、时钟和总线频率等等都呈快速上升趋势,但系统的电压却不断在减小,所有的这一切加上产品投放市场的时间要求给设计师带来了前所未有的巨大压力。要想保证产品的一次性成功就必须能预见设计中可能出现的各种问题,并及时给出合理的解决方案,对于高速的数字电路来说,最令人头大的莫过于如何确保瞬时跳变的数字信号通过较长的一段传输线,还能完整地被接收,并保证良好的电磁兼容性,这就是目前颇受关注的信号完整性(SI)问题。本章就是围绕信号完整性的问题,让大家对高速电路有个基本的认识,并介绍一些相关的基本概念。 第一章 高速数字电路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何为高速电路...............................................................................................51.2 高速带来的问题及设计流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相关的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 传输线理论...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系统和集总电路.............................................................................122.2 传输线的RLCG 模型和电报方程...............................................................132.3 传输线的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本质.................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相关计算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗对信号完整性的影响.........................................................172.4 传输线电报方程及推导.............................................................................182.5 趋肤效应和集束效应.................................................................................232.6 信号的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射机理和电报方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射导致信号的失真问题.................................................................302.6.2.1 过冲和下冲.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振荡:.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分线的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多负载的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串扰的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串扰的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串扰和后向串扰.................................................................................433.3 后向串扰的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串扰的饱和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模电流对串扰的影响.................................................................483.6 连接器的串扰问题.....................................................................................513.7 串扰的具体计算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串扰的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的产生..................................................................................................614.2.1 电压瞬变.............................................................................................614.2.2 信号的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 电场屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁场屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 电磁场屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 电磁屏蔽体和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 滤波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦电容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 设计中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 传输线RLC 参数和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 叠层设计抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 电容和接地过孔对回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走线规则.................................................................................79第五章 电源完整性理论基础...............................................................................825.1 电源噪声的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 电源阻抗设计.............................................................................................855.3 同步开关噪声分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片内部开关噪声.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部开关噪声.............................................................................895.3.3 等效电感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路电容的特性和应用.............................................................................925.4.1 电容的频率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 电容的介质和封装影响.....................................................................955.4.3 电容并联特性及反谐振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何选择电容.....................................................................................975.4.5 电容的摆放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系统时序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通时序系统...........................................................................................1006.1.1 时序参数的确定...............................................................................1016.1.2 时序约束条件...................................................................................1066.2 源同步时序系统.......................................................................................1086.2.1 源同步系统的基本结构...................................................................1096.2.2 源同步时序要求...............................................................................110第七章 IBIS 模型................................................................................................1137.1 IBIS 模型的由来...................................................................................... 1137.2 IBIS 与SPICE 的比较.............................................................................. 1137.3 IBIS 模型的构成...................................................................................... 1157.4 建立IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1187.4 使用IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1197.5 IBIS 相关工具及链接..............................................................................120第八章 高速设计理论在实际中的运用.............................................................1228.1 叠层设计方案...........................................................................................1228.2 过孔对信号传输的影响...........................................................................1278.3 一般布局规则...........................................................................................1298.4 接地技术...................................................................................................1308.5 PCB 走线策略............................................................................................134
标签: 信号完整性
上传时间: 2013-11-01
上传用户:xitai
第一部分 信号完整性知识基础.................................................................................5第一章 高速数字电路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何为高速电路...............................................................................................51.2 高速带来的问题及设计流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相关的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 传输线理论...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系统和集总电路.............................................................................122.2 传输线的RLCG 模型和电报方程...............................................................132.3 传输线的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本质.................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相关计算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗对信号完整性的影响.........................................................172.4 传输线电报方程及推导.............................................................................182.5 趋肤效应和集束效应.................................................................................232.6 信号的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射机理和电报方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射导致信号的失真问题.................................................................302.6.2.1 过冲和下冲.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振荡:.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分线的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多负载的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串扰的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串扰的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串扰和后向串扰.................................................................................433.3 后向串扰的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串扰的饱和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模电流对串扰的影响.................................................................483.6 连接器的串扰问题.....................................................................................513.7 串扰的具体计算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串扰的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的产生..................................................................................................614.2.1 电压瞬变.............................................................................................614.2.2 信号的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 电场屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁场屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 电磁场屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 电磁屏蔽体和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 滤波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦电容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 设计中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 传输线RLC 参数和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 叠层设计抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 电容和接地过孔对回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走线规则.................................................................................79第五章 电源完整性理论基础...............................................................................825.1 电源噪声的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 电源阻抗设计.............................................................................................855.3 同步开关噪声分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片内部开关噪声.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部开关噪声.............................................................................895.3.3 等效电感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路电容的特性和应用.............................................................................925.4.1 电容的频率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 电容的介质和封装影响.....................................................................955.4.3 电容并联特性及反谐振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何选择电容.....................................................................................975.4.5 电容的摆放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系统时序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通时序系统...........................................................................................1006.1.1 时序参数的确定...............................................................................1016.1.2 时序约束条件...................................................................................1063.2 高速设计的问题.......................................................................................2093.3 SPECCTRAQuest SI Expert 的组件.......................................................2103.3.1 SPECCTRAQuest Model Integrity .................................................2103.3.2 SPECCTRAQuest Floorplanner/Editor .........................................2153.3.3 Constraint Manager .......................................................................2163.3.4 SigXplorer Expert Topology Development Environment .......2233.3.5 SigNoise 仿真子系统......................................................................2253.3.6 EMControl .........................................................................................2303.3.7 SPECCTRA Expert 自动布线器.......................................................2303.4 高速设计的大致流程...............................................................................2303.4.1 拓扑结构的探索...............................................................................2313.4.2 空间解决方案的探索.......................................................................2313.4.3 使用拓扑模板驱动设计...................................................................2313.4.4 时序驱动布局...................................................................................2323.4.5 以约束条件驱动设计.......................................................................2323.4.6 设计后分析.......................................................................................233第四章 SPECCTRAQUEST SIGNAL EXPLORER 的进阶运用..........................................2344.1 SPECCTRAQuest Signal Explorer 的功能包括:................................2344.2 图形化的拓扑结构探索...........................................................................2344.3 全面的信号完整性(Signal Integrity)分析.......................................2344.4 完全兼容 IBIS 模型...............................................................................2344.5 PCB 设计前和设计的拓扑结构提取.......................................................2354.6 仿真设置顾问...........................................................................................2354.7 改变设计的管理.......................................................................................2354.8 关键技术特点...........................................................................................2364.8.1 拓扑结构探索...................................................................................2364.8.2 SigWave 波形显示器........................................................................2364.8.3 集成化的在线分析(Integration and In-process Analysis) .236第五章 部分特殊的运用...............................................................................2375.1 Script 指令的使用..................................................................................2375.2 差分信号的仿真.......................................................................................2435.3 眼图模式的使用.......................................................................................249第四部分:HYPERLYNX 仿真工具使用指南............................................................251第一章 使用LINESIM 进行前仿真.......................................................................2511.1 用LineSim 进行仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2511.2 处理信号完整性原理图的具体问题.......................................................2591.3 在LineSim 中如何对传输线进行设置...................................................2601.4 在LineSim 中模拟IC 元件.....................................................................2631.5 在LineSim 中进行串扰仿真...................................................................268第二章 使用BOARDSIM 进行后仿真......................................................................2732.1 用BOARDSIM 进行后仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2732.2 BoardSim 的进一步介绍..........................................................................2922.3 BoardSim 中的串扰仿真..........................................................................309
上传时间: 2013-11-07
上传用户:aa7821634
PSEHO智能微水仪 产品概述: PSEHO智能微水仪采用世界先进的传感器技术、英国ALPHA公司最新的传感器,它采用DRYCAP-薄膜传感技术,复和薄膜 湿敏材料,拥有三项世界专利。聚酯薄膜式的探头DRYCAP。抗冷凝、抗灰尘颗粒、不受汽油和大多数气体影响。 技术指标: 微水范围: -60~+20℃、精度:±1℃ 响应时间: (+20℃)-60~+20℃、5s(63%)45s(90%)20~-60℃、10s(63%)240s(90%) 流量范围: 0~1升/分钟 电 源: 交、直流两用
标签: PSEHO
上传时间: 2013-11-05
上传用户:wvbxj
【摘 要】目的探讨嗅球成鞘细胞(OECs)在坐骨神经损伤后促进神经功能恢复中的作用。方法SD大鼠30只随机分成对照生理盐水(SAL)组和实验(OECs)组,采用硅胶管套接大鼠切断的坐骨神经,硅胶管内对照组给予SAL,实验组给予培养成活的新生大鼠OECs悬液,分别于术后30或90天,应用电生理检测、HRP逆行示踪法及轴突图像分析检测损伤的神经在电传导轴浆运输、髓鞘再生等方面的恢复情况。 结果 术后30和90天,OECs组与SAL组比较:①OECs组损伤侧下肢复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)的潜伏期(LAT)分别缩短了0160ms和0156ms;神经传导速度分别加快了6.42mös和5.36mös;波幅分别增加了3.92mv和5.84mv;②OECs组损伤侧脊髓前角HRP阳性细胞率分别增加了11.63%和25.01%;③OECs组坐骨神经纤维数目分别增加了1047个ömm2和1422个ömm2;神经髓鞘厚度分别增加了0.43Lm和0.63Lm。 结论 嗅球成鞘细胞对周围神经损伤后的神经功能恢复有积极的促进作用。【关键词】 周围神经 损伤 嗅球成鞘细胞 功能恢复
标签: 中的作用
上传时间: 2013-11-07
上传用户:ifree2016
X9241概述X9241是XICOR公司生产的、把4个E2POT数字电位器集成在单片的CMOS集成电路上的一种数字电位器。它包含4个电阻阵列,每个阵列包含63个电阻单元,在每个单元之间和2个端点之间都有被滑动单元访问的抽头点。滑动单元在阵列中的位置由用户通过2线串行总线接口控制。每个电阻阵列与1个滑动端计数寄存器(WCR)和4个8位数据寄存器联系在一起。这4个数据寄存器可由用户直接写入和读出。WCR的内容控制滑动端在电阻阵列中的位置,其功能框图如图1所示。X9241工作原理 X9241支持双向总线的定向规约,是一个从属器件。它的高4位地址为0101(器件类型辨识符),低4位地址由A3~A0输入端状态决定。在SDA线上的数据只有在SCL为低期间才能改变状态。当SCL为高时,SDA状态的改变用来表示开始和终止条件(开始条件:SCL为高时,SDA由高至低的跳变;终止条件:SCL为高时,SDA由低至高的跳变)。送给X9241的所有命令都由开始条件引导,在其后输出X9241从器件的地址。X9241把串行数据流与该器件的地址比较,若地址比较成功,则作出一个应答响应。送到X9241的下一个字节包括指令及寄存器指针的信息,高4位为指令,低4位用来指出4个电位器中的1个及4个辅助寄存器中的1个。
上传时间: 2014-01-18
上传用户:黄酒配奶茶
有关ATMEL AT91系列CPU的驱动函数库,及ATEML EB40/40a/42/63/55和Embest ATEB40x等开发板目标文件。
上传时间: 2014-01-16
上传用户:qunquan
如果RTL8019AS使用了93C46,那么如何通过单片机对它进行编程呢? 93C46是一个有128字节的eeprom,可以是8位或16位的存储模式,在RTL8019AS中,用的是16位的模式,也就是总共有64个16位的存储单元.16位方式下,存储地址为0---63 .每个地址存储两个字节,低位字节在前,高位字节在后(这跟单片机的存储相反,单片机是高位在前,低位在后). 下表是93c46存储的内容,地址是用字节表示的.
上传时间: 2015-10-11
上传用户:moerwang
μC/OS-II是专门针对微处理器和微控制器的实时内核,它可管理63个应用任务,提供信号灯、事件标志、邮箱、队列等完整的任务间通讯同步功能
上传时间: 2014-01-15
上传用户:er1219
这是我在 华清远见 嵌入式系统培训班 上课时的学习笔记,学的是嵌入式linux,六天花了2900元,学的东西全在上面.
标签: 嵌入式系统
上传时间: 2013-12-13
上传用户:aig85
具体要求请点击!单片机大全,定时器,计数器 中断http://imgnews.baidu.com/ir?t=1&u=&f=%68%74%74%70%3A%2F%2F%71%71%2D%62%65%2E%63%6E?QQ=281149673
上传时间: 2013-12-12
上传用户:Avoid98