本课题主要研究对象为数字预失真技术中的功放模型的建立及数字预失真算法的研究。功放的数学模型主要分为无记忆模型和记忆模型,分析了不同模型的参数估计的方法。针对以往常见的模型反转数字预失真算法,课题分析并使用了新颖的间接学习(indirect learning)数字预失真算法,从而有效避免了无法对功放模型进行求逆的缺陷,并在此架构下仿真了不同功放模型的参数估计对于数字预失真效果的影响。针对WCDMA移动通信基站系统中使用的宽带功率放大器,使用ADS和MATLAB软件联合仿真的形式来评估整个DPD系统的性能并使用实际功放进行了测试。
上传时间: 2013-10-12
上传用户:问题问题
在本课题中,兼顾了效率及线性度,采用自适应预失真前馈复合线性化系统来改善高功率放大器的线性度。由于加入自适应控制模块,射频电路不受温度、时漂、输入功率等的影响,可始终处于较佳工作状态,这使得整个放大系统更为实用,也更具有拓展价值。
上传时间: 2013-11-21
上传用户:xauthu
交调失真(IMD)是用于衡量放大器、增益模块、混频器和其他射频元件线性度的一项常用指标。二阶和三阶交调截点(IP2和IP3)是这些规格参数的品质因素,以其为基础可以计算不同信号幅度下的失真积。虽然射频工程师们非常熟悉这些规格参数,但当将其用于ADC时往往会产生一些困惑。本教程首先在ADC的框架下对交调失真进行定义,然后指出将IP2和IP3的定义应用于ADC时必须采取的一些预防措施。
上传时间: 2014-01-07
上传用户:归海惜雪
现代的电子设计和芯片制造技术正在飞速发展,电子产品的复杂度、时钟和总线频率等等都呈快速上升趋势,但系统的电压却不断在减小,所有的这一切加上产品投放市场的时间要求给设计师带来了前所未有的巨大压力。要想保证产品的一次性成功就必须能预见设计中可能出现的各种问题,并及时给出合理的解决方案,对于高速的数字电路来说,最令人头大的莫过于如何确保瞬时跳变的数字信号通过较长的一段传输线,还能完整地被接收,并保证良好的电磁兼容性,这就是目前颇受关注的信号完整性(SI)问题。本章就是围绕信号完整性的问题,让大家对高速电路有个基本的认识,并介绍一些相关的基本概念。 第一章 高速数字电路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何为高速电路...............................................................................................51.2 高速带来的问题及设计流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相关的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 传输线理论...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系统和集总电路.............................................................................122.2 传输线的RLCG 模型和电报方程...............................................................132.3 传输线的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本质.................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相关计算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗对信号完整性的影响.........................................................172.4 传输线电报方程及推导.............................................................................182.5 趋肤效应和集束效应.................................................................................232.6 信号的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射机理和电报方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射导致信号的失真问题.................................................................302.6.2.1 过冲和下冲.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振荡:.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分线的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多负载的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串扰的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串扰的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串扰和后向串扰.................................................................................433.3 后向串扰的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串扰的饱和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模电流对串扰的影响.................................................................483.6 连接器的串扰问题.....................................................................................513.7 串扰的具体计算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串扰的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的产生..................................................................................................614.2.1 电压瞬变.............................................................................................614.2.2 信号的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 电场屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁场屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 电磁场屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 电磁屏蔽体和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 滤波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦电容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 设计中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 传输线RLC 参数和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 叠层设计抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 电容和接地过孔对回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走线规则.................................................................................79第五章 电源完整性理论基础...............................................................................825.1 电源噪声的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 电源阻抗设计.............................................................................................855.3 同步开关噪声分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片内部开关噪声.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部开关噪声.............................................................................895.3.3 等效电感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路电容的特性和应用.............................................................................925.4.1 电容的频率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 电容的介质和封装影响.....................................................................955.4.3 电容并联特性及反谐振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何选择电容.....................................................................................975.4.5 电容的摆放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系统时序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通时序系统...........................................................................................1006.1.1 时序参数的确定...............................................................................1016.1.2 时序约束条件...................................................................................1066.2 源同步时序系统.......................................................................................1086.2.1 源同步系统的基本结构...................................................................1096.2.2 源同步时序要求...............................................................................110第七章 IBIS 模型................................................................................................1137.1 IBIS 模型的由来...................................................................................... 1137.2 IBIS 与SPICE 的比较.............................................................................. 1137.3 IBIS 模型的构成...................................................................................... 1157.4 建立IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1187.4 使用IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1197.5 IBIS 相关工具及链接..............................................................................120第八章 高速设计理论在实际中的运用.............................................................1228.1 叠层设计方案...........................................................................................1228.2 过孔对信号传输的影响...........................................................................1278.3 一般布局规则...........................................................................................1298.4 接地技术...................................................................................................1308.5 PCB 走线策略............................................................................................134
标签: 信号完整性
上传时间: 2014-05-15
上传用户:dudu1210004
第一部分 信号完整性知识基础.................................................................................5第一章 高速数字电路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何为高速电路...............................................................................................51.2 高速带来的问题及设计流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相关的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 传输线理论...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系统和集总电路.............................................................................122.2 传输线的RLCG 模型和电报方程...............................................................132.3 传输线的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本质.................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相关计算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗对信号完整性的影响.........................................................172.4 传输线电报方程及推导.............................................................................182.5 趋肤效应和集束效应.................................................................................232.6 信号的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射机理和电报方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射导致信号的失真问题.................................................................302.6.2.1 过冲和下冲.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振荡:.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分线的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多负载的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串扰的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串扰的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串扰和后向串扰.................................................................................433.3 后向串扰的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串扰的饱和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模电流对串扰的影响.................................................................483.6 连接器的串扰问题.....................................................................................513.7 串扰的具体计算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串扰的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的产生..................................................................................................614.2.1 电压瞬变.............................................................................................614.2.2 信号的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 电场屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁场屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 电磁场屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 电磁屏蔽体和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 滤波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦电容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 设计中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 传输线RLC 参数和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 叠层设计抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 电容和接地过孔对回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走线规则.................................................................................79第五章 电源完整性理论基础...............................................................................825.1 电源噪声的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 电源阻抗设计.............................................................................................855.3 同步开关噪声分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片内部开关噪声.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部开关噪声.............................................................................895.3.3 等效电感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路电容的特性和应用.............................................................................925.4.1 电容的频率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 电容的介质和封装影响.....................................................................955.4.3 电容并联特性及反谐振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何选择电容.....................................................................................975.4.5 电容的摆放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系统时序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通时序系统...........................................................................................1006.1.1 时序参数的确定...............................................................................1016.1.2 时序约束条件...................................................................................1063.2 高速设计的问题.......................................................................................2093.3 SPECCTRAQuest SI Expert 的组件.......................................................2103.3.1 SPECCTRAQuest Model Integrity .................................................2103.3.2 SPECCTRAQuest Floorplanner/Editor .........................................2153.3.3 Constraint Manager .......................................................................2163.3.4 SigXplorer Expert Topology Development Environment .......2233.3.5 SigNoise 仿真子系统......................................................................2253.3.6 EMControl .........................................................................................2303.3.7 SPECCTRA Expert 自动布线器.......................................................2303.4 高速设计的大致流程...............................................................................2303.4.1 拓扑结构的探索...............................................................................2313.4.2 空间解决方案的探索.......................................................................2313.4.3 使用拓扑模板驱动设计...................................................................2313.4.4 时序驱动布局...................................................................................2323.4.5 以约束条件驱动设计.......................................................................2323.4.6 设计后分析.......................................................................................233第四章 SPECCTRAQUEST SIGNAL EXPLORER 的进阶运用..........................................2344.1 SPECCTRAQuest Signal Explorer 的功能包括:................................2344.2 图形化的拓扑结构探索...........................................................................2344.3 全面的信号完整性(Signal Integrity)分析.......................................2344.4 完全兼容 IBIS 模型...............................................................................2344.5 PCB 设计前和设计的拓扑结构提取.......................................................2354.6 仿真设置顾问...........................................................................................2354.7 改变设计的管理.......................................................................................2354.8 关键技术特点...........................................................................................2364.8.1 拓扑结构探索...................................................................................2364.8.2 SigWave 波形显示器........................................................................2364.8.3 集成化的在线分析(Integration and In-process Analysis) .236第五章 部分特殊的运用...............................................................................2375.1 Script 指令的使用..................................................................................2375.2 差分信号的仿真.......................................................................................2435.3 眼图模式的使用.......................................................................................249第四部分:HYPERLYNX 仿真工具使用指南............................................................251第一章 使用LINESIM 进行前仿真.......................................................................2511.1 用LineSim 进行仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2511.2 处理信号完整性原理图的具体问题.......................................................2591.3 在LineSim 中如何对传输线进行设置...................................................2601.4 在LineSim 中模拟IC 元件.....................................................................2631.5 在LineSim 中进行串扰仿真...................................................................268第二章 使用BOARDSIM 进行后仿真......................................................................2732.1 用BOARDSIM 进行后仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2732.2 BoardSim 的进一步介绍..........................................................................2922.3 BoardSim 中的串扰仿真..........................................................................309
上传时间: 2014-04-18
上传用户:wpt
磁芯电感器的谐波失真分析 摘 要:简述了改进铁氧体软磁材料比损耗系数和磁滞常数ηB,从而降低总谐波失真THD的历史过程,分析了诸多因数对谐波测量的影响,提出了磁心性能的调控方向。 关键词:比损耗系数, 磁滞常数ηB ,直流偏置特性DC-Bias,总谐波失真THD Analysis on THD of the fer rite co res u se d i n i nductancShi Yan Nanjing Finemag Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210033 Abstract: Histrory of decreasing THD by improving the ratio loss coefficient and hysteresis constant of soft magnetic ferrite is briefly narrated. The effect of many factors which affect the harmonic wave testing is analysed. The way of improving the performance of ferrite cores is put forward. Key words: ratio loss coefficient,hysteresis constant,DC-Bias,THD 近年来,变压器生产厂家和软磁铁氧体生产厂家,在电感器和变压器产品的总谐波失真指标控制上,进行了深入的探讨和广泛的合作,逐步弄清了一些似是而非的问题。从工艺技术上采取了不少有效措施,促进了质量问题的迅速解决。本文将就此热门话题作一些粗浅探讨。 一、 历史回顾 总谐波失真(Total harmonic distortion) ,简称THD,并不是什么新的概念,早在几十年前的载波通信技术中就已有严格要求<1>。1978年邮电部公布的标准YD/Z17-78“载波用铁氧体罐形磁心”中,规定了高μQ材料制作的无中心柱配对罐形磁心详细的测试电路和方法。如图一电路所示,利用LC组成的150KHz低通滤波器在高电平输入的情况下测量磁心产生的非线性失真。这种相对比较的实用方法,专用于无中心柱配对罐形磁心的谐波衰耗测试。 这种磁心主要用于载波电报、电话设备的遥测振荡器和线路放大器系统,其非线性失真有很严格的要求。 图中 ZD —— QF867 型阻容式载频振荡器,输出阻抗 150Ω, Ld47 —— 47KHz 低通滤波器,阻抗 150Ω,阻带衰耗大于61dB, Lg88 ——并联高低通滤波器,阻抗 150Ω,三次谐波衰耗大于61dB Ld88 ——并联高低通滤波器,阻抗 150Ω,三次谐波衰耗大于61dB FD —— 30~50KHz 放大器, 阻抗 150Ω, 增益不小于 43 dB,三次谐波衰耗b3(0)≥91 dB, DP —— Qp373 选频电平表,输入高阻抗, L ——被测无心罐形磁心及线圈, C ——聚苯乙烯薄膜电容器CMO-100V-707APF±0.5%,二只。 测量时,所配用线圈应用丝包铜电磁线SQJ9×0.12(JB661-75)在直径为16.1mm的线架上绕制 120 匝, (线架为一格) , 其空心电感值为 318μH(误差1%) 被测磁心配对安装好后,先调节振荡器频率为 36.6~40KHz, 使输出电平值为+17.4 dB, 即选频表在 22′端子测得的主波电平 (P2)为+17.4 dB,然后在33′端子处测得输出的三次谐波电平(P3), 则三次谐波衰耗值为:b3(+2)= P2+S+ P3 式中:S 为放大器增益dB 从以往的资料引证, 就可以发现谐波失真的测量是一项很精细的工作,其中测量系统的高、低通滤波器,信号源和放大器本身的三次谐波衰耗控制很严,阻抗必须匹配,薄膜电容器的非线性也有相应要求。滤波器的电感全由不带任何磁介质的大空心线圈绕成,以保证本身的“洁净” ,不至于造成对磁心分选的误判。 为了满足多路通信整机的小型化和稳定性要求, 必须生产低损耗高稳定磁心。上世纪 70 年代初,1409 所和四机部、邮电部各厂,从工艺上改变了推板空气窑烧结,出窑后经真空罐冷却的落后方式,改用真空炉,并控制烧结、冷却气氛。技术上采用共沉淀法攻关试制出了μQ乘积 60 万和 100 万的低损耗高稳定材料,在此基础上,还实现了高μ7000~10000材料的突破,从而大大缩短了与国外企业的技术差异。当时正处于通信技术由FDM(频率划分调制)向PCM(脉冲编码调制) 转换时期, 日本人明石雅夫发表了μQ乘积125 万为 0.8×10 ,100KHz)的超优铁氧体材料<3>,其磁滞系数降为优铁
上传时间: 2014-12-24
上传用户:7891
对磁环电感及其饱和磁通进行计算。
上传时间: 2013-10-13
上传用户:wangw7689
提出一种虚拟阻抗模型的电流互感器饱和判别方法, 它可以有效地识别区内外故障因电流互感器( TA) 饱和对差动保护的影响。在电力系统的线路、母线、主设备等一些差动保护中, 区外故障时, 在大的短路电流作用下TA 饱和容易造成保护误动。基于RL 模型的短数据窗算法可以测得保护安装点的二次等效系统阻抗, 它可以等效到在系统故障增量模型中虚拟一条阻抗支路。区内外故障TA 饱和时, 该支路虚拟阻抗会发生明显的变化。分析该阻抗在TA 饱和与否情况下的变化规律, 利用这种变化规律可以可靠、灵敏地判别出区内外故障TA 饱和, 是否闭锁差动保护, 提高差动保护的可靠性。
上传时间: 2013-12-11
上传用户:杜莹12345
提出了一种将部分传输序列与递归最小二乘法相结合的OFDM非线性失真自适应补偿技术。利用部分传输序列降低OFDM信号的峰均比;使用递归最小二乘法拟合高功率放大器的幅度/幅度和幅度/相位特性曲线,对OFDM信号进行预失真处理,以补偿系统的非线性失真。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法收敛速度快,能对高功率放大器引入的非线性失真进行有效的补偿。
上传时间: 2013-11-15
上传用户:洛木卓
现代的电子设计和芯片制造技术正在飞速发展,电子产品的复杂度、时钟和总线频率等等都呈快速上升趋势,但系统的电压却不断在减小,所有的这一切加上产品投放市场的时间要求给设计师带来了前所未有的巨大压力。要想保证产品的一次性成功就必须能预见设计中可能出现的各种问题,并及时给出合理的解决方案,对于高速的数字电路来说,最令人头大的莫过于如何确保瞬时跳变的数字信号通过较长的一段传输线,还能完整地被接收,并保证良好的电磁兼容性,这就是目前颇受关注的信号完整性(SI)问题。本章就是围绕信号完整性的问题,让大家对高速电路有个基本的认识,并介绍一些相关的基本概念。 第一章 高速数字电路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何为高速电路...............................................................................................51.2 高速带来的问题及设计流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相关的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 传输线理论...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系统和集总电路.............................................................................122.2 传输线的RLCG 模型和电报方程...............................................................132.3 传输线的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本质.................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相关计算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗对信号完整性的影响.........................................................172.4 传输线电报方程及推导.............................................................................182.5 趋肤效应和集束效应.................................................................................232.6 信号的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射机理和电报方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射导致信号的失真问题.................................................................302.6.2.1 过冲和下冲.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振荡:.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分线的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多负载的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串扰的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串扰的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串扰和后向串扰.................................................................................433.3 后向串扰的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串扰的饱和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模电流对串扰的影响.................................................................483.6 连接器的串扰问题.....................................................................................513.7 串扰的具体计算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串扰的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的产生..................................................................................................614.2.1 电压瞬变.............................................................................................614.2.2 信号的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 电场屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁场屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 电磁场屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 电磁屏蔽体和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 滤波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦电容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 设计中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 传输线RLC 参数和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 叠层设计抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 电容和接地过孔对回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走线规则.................................................................................79第五章 电源完整性理论基础...............................................................................825.1 电源噪声的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 电源阻抗设计.............................................................................................855.3 同步开关噪声分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片内部开关噪声.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部开关噪声.............................................................................895.3.3 等效电感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路电容的特性和应用.............................................................................925.4.1 电容的频率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 电容的介质和封装影响.....................................................................955.4.3 电容并联特性及反谐振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何选择电容.....................................................................................975.4.5 电容的摆放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系统时序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通时序系统...........................................................................................1006.1.1 时序参数的确定...............................................................................1016.1.2 时序约束条件...................................................................................1066.2 源同步时序系统.......................................................................................1086.2.1 源同步系统的基本结构...................................................................1096.2.2 源同步时序要求...............................................................................110第七章 IBIS 模型................................................................................................1137.1 IBIS 模型的由来...................................................................................... 1137.2 IBIS 与SPICE 的比较.............................................................................. 1137.3 IBIS 模型的构成...................................................................................... 1157.4 建立IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1187.4 使用IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1197.5 IBIS 相关工具及链接..............................................................................120第八章 高速设计理论在实际中的运用.............................................................1228.1 叠层设计方案...........................................................................................1228.2 过孔对信号传输的影响...........................................................................1278.3 一般布局规则...........................................................................................1298.4 接地技术...................................................................................................1308.5 PCB 走线策略............................................................................................134
标签: 信号完整性
上传时间: 2013-11-01
上传用户:xitai