当设计高速信号PCB或者复杂的PCB时，常常需要考虑信号的干扰和抗干扰的问题，也就是设计这样的PCB时，需要提高PCB的电磁兼容性。为了实现这个目的，除了在原理图设计时增加抗干扰的元件外，在设计PCB时也必须考虑这个问题，而最重要的实现手段之一就是使用高速信号布线的基本技巧和原则。 高速信号布线的基本技巧包括控制走线长度、蛇形布线、差分对布线和等长布线，使用这些基本的布线方法，可以大大提高高速信号的质量和电磁兼容性。下面分别介绍这些布线方法的设置和操作。
上传时间： 2013-11-08
上传用户：座山雕牛逼
本内容汇总了近30个PCB布线知识面试题是PCB工程师必备的知识点总结，也是面试者需要的知识。如何处理实际布线中的一些理论冲突的问题，在高速设计中，如何解决信号的完整性问题?差分布线方式是如何实现的?对于只有一个输出端的时钟信号线，如何实现差分布线?等问题
上传时间： 2013-12-15
上传用户：asdfasdfd
LVDS(低压差分信号)标准ANSI/TIA /E IA26442A22001广泛应用于许多接口器件和一些ASIC及FPGA中。文中探讨了LVDS的特点及其PCB (印制电路板)设计,纠正了某些错误认识。应用传输线理论分析了单线阻抗、双线阻抗及LVDS差分阻抗计算方法,给出了计算单线阻抗和差分阻抗的公式,通过实际计算说明了差分阻抗与单线阻抗的区别,并给出了PCB布线时的几点建议。关键词: LVDS, 阻抗分析, 阻抗计算, PCB设计 LVDS (低压差分信号)是高速、低电压、低功率、低噪声通用I/O接口标准,其低压摆幅和差分电流输出模式使EM I (电磁干扰)大大降低。由于信号输出边缘变化很快,其信号通路表现为传输线特性。因此,在用含有LVDS接口的Xilinx或Altera等公司的FP2GA及其它器件进行PCB (印制电路板)设计时,超高速PCB设计和差分信号理论就显得特别重要。
上传时间： 2013-11-19
上传用户：水中浮云
现代的电子设计和芯片制造技术正在飞速发展，电子产品的复杂度、时钟和总线频率等等都呈快速上升趋势，但系统的电压却不断在减小，所有的这一切加上产品投放市场的时间要求给设计师带来了前所未有的巨大压力。要想保证产品的一次性成功就必须能预见设计中可能出现的各种问题，并及时给出合理的解决方案，对于高速的数字电路来说，最令人头大的莫过于如何确保瞬时跳变的数字信号通过较长的一段传输线，还能完整地被接收，并保证良好的电磁兼容性，这就是目前颇受关注的信号完整性（SI）问题。本章就是围绕信号完整性的问题，让大家对高速电路有个基本的认识，并介绍一些相关的基本概念。 第一章 高速数字电路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何为高速电路...............................................................................................51.2 高速带来的问题及设计流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相关的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 传输线理论...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系统和集总电路.............................................................................122.2 传输线的RLCG 模型和电报方程...............................................................132.3 传输线的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本质.................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相关计算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗对信号完整性的影响.........................................................172.4 传输线电报方程及推导.............................................................................182.5 趋肤效应和集束效应.................................................................................232.6 信号的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射机理和电报方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射导致信号的失真问题.................................................................302.6.2.1 过冲和下冲.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振荡：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分线的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多负载的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串扰的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串扰的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串扰和后向串扰.................................................................................433.3 后向串扰的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串扰的饱和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模电流对串扰的影响.................................................................483.6 连接器的串扰问题.....................................................................................513.7 串扰的具体计算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串扰的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的产生..................................................................................................614.2.1 电压瞬变.............................................................................................614.2.2 信号的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 电场屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁场屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 电磁场屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 电磁屏蔽体和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 滤波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦电容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 设计中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 传输线RLC 参数和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 叠层设计抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 电容和接地过孔对回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走线规则.................................................................................79第五章 电源完整性理论基础...............................................................................825.1 电源噪声的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 电源阻抗设计.............................................................................................855.3 同步开关噪声分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片内部开关噪声.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部开关噪声.............................................................................895.3.3 等效电感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路电容的特性和应用.............................................................................925.4.1 电容的频率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 电容的介质和封装影响.....................................................................955.4.3 电容并联特性及反谐振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何选择电容.....................................................................................975.4.5 电容的摆放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系统时序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通时序系统...........................................................................................1006.1.1 时序参数的确定...............................................................................1016.1.2 时序约束条件...................................................................................1066.2 源同步时序系统.......................................................................................1086.2.1 源同步系统的基本结构...................................................................1096.2.2 源同步时序要求...............................................................................110第七章 IBIS 模型................................................................................................1137.1 IBIS 模型的由来...................................................................................... 1137.2 IBIS 与SPICE 的比较.............................................................................. 1137.3 IBIS 模型的构成...................................................................................... 1157.4 建立IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1187.4 使用IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1197.5 IBIS 相关工具及链接..............................................................................120第八章 高速设计理论在实际中的运用.............................................................1228.1 叠层设计方案...........................................................................................1228.2 过孔对信号传输的影响...........................................................................1278.3 一般布局规则...........................................................................................1298.4 接地技术...................................................................................................1308.5 PCB 走线策略............................................................................................134
标签： 信号完整性
上传时间： 2014-05-15
上传用户：dudu1210004
第一部分 信号完整性知识基础.................................................................................5第一章 高速数字电路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何为高速电路...............................................................................................51.2 高速带来的问题及设计流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相关的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 传输线理论...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系统和集总电路.............................................................................122.2 传输线的RLCG 模型和电报方程...............................................................132.3 传输线的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本质.................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相关计算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗对信号完整性的影响.........................................................172.4 传输线电报方程及推导.............................................................................182.5 趋肤效应和集束效应.................................................................................232.6 信号的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射机理和电报方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射导致信号的失真问题.................................................................302.6.2.1 过冲和下冲.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振荡：.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分线的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多负载的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串扰的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串扰的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串扰和后向串扰.................................................................................433.3 后向串扰的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串扰的饱和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模电流对串扰的影响.................................................................483.6 连接器的串扰问题.....................................................................................513.7 串扰的具体计算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串扰的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的产生..................................................................................................614.2.1 电压瞬变.............................................................................................614.2.2 信号的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 电场屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁场屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 电磁场屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 电磁屏蔽体和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 滤波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦电容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 设计中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 传输线RLC 参数和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 叠层设计抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 电容和接地过孔对回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走线规则.................................................................................79第五章 电源完整性理论基础...............................................................................825.1 电源噪声的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 电源阻抗设计.............................................................................................855.3 同步开关噪声分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片内部开关噪声.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部开关噪声.............................................................................895.3.3 等效电感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路电容的特性和应用.............................................................................925.4.1 电容的频率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 电容的介质和封装影响.....................................................................955.4.3 电容并联特性及反谐振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何选择电容.....................................................................................975.4.5 电容的摆放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系统时序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通时序系统...........................................................................................1006.1.1 时序参数的确定...............................................................................1016.1.2 时序约束条件...................................................................................1063.2 高速设计的问题.......................................................................................2093.3 SPECCTRAQuest SI Expert 的组件.......................................................2103.3.1 SPECCTRAQuest Model Integrity .................................................2103.3.2 SPECCTRAQuest Floorplanner/Editor .........................................2153.3.3 Constraint Manager .......................................................................2163.3.4 SigXplorer Expert Topology Development Environment .......2233.3.5 SigNoise 仿真子系统......................................................................2253.3.6 EMControl .........................................................................................2303.3.7 SPECCTRA Expert 自动布线器.......................................................2303.4 高速设计的大致流程...............................................................................2303.4.1 拓扑结构的探索...............................................................................2313.4.2 空间解决方案的探索.......................................................................2313.4.3 使用拓扑模板驱动设计...................................................................2313.4.4 时序驱动布局...................................................................................2323.4.5 以约束条件驱动设计.......................................................................2323.4.6 设计后分析.......................................................................................233第四章 SPECCTRAQUEST SIGNAL EXPLORER 的进阶运用..........................................2344.1 SPECCTRAQuest Signal Explorer 的功能包括：................................2344.2 图形化的拓扑结构探索...........................................................................2344.3 全面的信号完整性(Signal Integrity)分析.......................................2344.4 完全兼容 IBIS 模型...............................................................................2344.5 PCB 设计前和设计的拓扑结构提取.......................................................2354.6 仿真设置顾问...........................................................................................2354.7 改变设计的管理.......................................................................................2354.8 关键技术特点...........................................................................................2364.8.1 拓扑结构探索...................................................................................2364.8.2 SigWave 波形显示器........................................................................2364.8.3 集成化的在线分析(Integration and In-process Analysis) .236第五章 部分特殊的运用...............................................................................2375.1 Script 指令的使用..................................................................................2375.2 差分信号的仿真.......................................................................................2435.3 眼图模式的使用.......................................................................................249第四部分：HYPERLYNX 仿真工具使用指南............................................................251第一章 使用LINESIM 进行前仿真.......................................................................2511.1 用LineSim 进行仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2511.2 处理信号完整性原理图的具体问题.......................................................2591.3 在LineSim 中如何对传输线进行设置...................................................2601.4 在LineSim 中模拟IC 元件.....................................................................2631.5 在LineSim 中进行串扰仿真...................................................................268第二章 使用BOARDSIM 进行后仿真......................................................................2732.1 用BOARDSIM 进行后仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2732.2 BoardSim 的进一步介绍..........................................................................2922.3 BoardSim 中的串扰仿真..........................................................................309
上传时间： 2014-04-18
上传用户：wpt
Calculation of the Differential Impedance of Tracks on FR4 substrates There is a discrepancy between calculated and measured values of impedance for differential transmission lineson FR4. This is especially noticeable in the case of surface microstrip configurations. The anomaly is shown tobe due to the nature of the substrate material. This needs to be considered as a layered structure of epoxy resinand glass fibre. Calculations, using Boundary Element field methods, show that the distribution of the electricfield within this layered structure determines the apparent dielectric constant and therefore affects theimpedance. Thus FR4 cannot be considered to be uniform dielectric when calculating differential impedance.
上传时间： 2014-12-24
上传用户：DE2542
LT®1991提供了很多的功能，因而有可能是您必須保持一定庫存量的最後一款放大器。它不是一款應用受限的單用途差分或儀表放大器。
上传时间： 2013-10-26
上传用户：18752787361
LTC®2991 系统监视器内置了这种精细复杂的电路，它能把一个小信号晶体管变成一个准确的温度传感器。该器件不仅可在测量远端二极管温度时提供 ±1°C的准确度，还能测量其自身的电源电压、单端电压(0 至 VCC) 和差分电压 (±325mV)。
上传时间： 2013-11-05
上传用户：gps6888
ADM2582E/ADM2587E是具备±15 kV ESD保护功能的完全集成式隔离数据收发器，适合用于多点传输线路上的高速通信应用。ADM2582E/ADM2587E包含一个集成式隔离DC-DC电源，不再需要外部DC/DC隔离模块。 该器件针对均衡的传输线路而设计，符合ANSI TIA/EIA-485-A-98和ISO 8482:1987(E)标准。 它采用ADI公司的iCoupler®技术，在单个封装内集成了一个三通道隔离器、一个三态差分线路驱动器、一个差分输入接收器和一个isoPower DC/DC转换器。该器件采用5V或3.3V单电源供电，从而实现了完全集成的信号和电源隔离RS-485解决方案。 ADM2582E/ADM2587E驱动器带有一个高电平有效使能电路，并且还提供一个高电平接收机有效禁用电路，可使接收机输出进入高阻抗状态。 该器件具备限流和热关断特性，能够防止输出短路。 隔离的RS-485/RS-422收发器，可配置成半双工或全双工模式 isoPower™集成式隔离DC/DC转换器 在RS-485输入/输出引脚上提供±15 kV ESD保护功能 符合ANSI/TIA/EIA-485-A-98和ISO 8482:1987(E)标准 ADM2587E数据速率： 500 kbps 5 V或3.3V电源供电 总线上拥有256个节点 开路和短路故障安全接收机输入 高共模瞬态抑制能力： >25 kV/μs 热关断保护
上传时间： 2013-10-27
上传用户：名爵少年
介绍了一款输入级采用差分放大作倒相的推挽功放, 它的额定输出功率为, 如果提高输出级电源电压, 还可在不变动电路条件下, 把输出功率提高到, 可以满足一些对功率要求比较高的发烧友需要。
上传时间： 2013-11-08
上传用户：zhaiye
