This effort started as an answer to the numerous questions the authors have
repeatedly had to answer about electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection and
input/output (1/0) designs. In the past no comprehensive book existed suffi-
ciently covering these areas, and these topics were rarely taught in engineering
schools. Thus first-time I/O and ESD protection designers have had consider-
able trouble getting started. This book is in part an answer to such needs.
