铝电解电容器：详细介绍原理，应用，使用技巧 电容器(capacitor)在音响组件中被广泛运用，滤波、反交连、高频补偿、直流回授...随处可见。但若依功能及制造材料、制造方法细分，那可不是一朝一夕能说得明白。所以缩小范围，本文只谈电解电容，而且只谈电源平滑滤波用的铝质电解电容。 每台音响机器都要吃电源─除了被动式前级，既然需要供电，那就少不了「滤波」这个动作。不要和我争，采用电池供电当然无必要电源平滑滤波。但电池充电电路也有整流及滤波，故滤波电容器还是会存在。 我们现在习用的滤波电容，正式的名称应是：铝箔干式电解电容器。就我的观察，除加拿大Sonic Frontiers真空管前级，曾在高压稳压线路中选用PP塑料电容做滤波外，其它机种一概都是采用铝箔干式电解电容；因此网友有必要对它多做了解。 面对电源稳压线路中担任电源平滑滤波的电容器，你首先想到的会是什幺？─容量？耐压？电容器的封装外皮上一定有容量标示，那是指静电容量；也一定有耐压标示，那是指工作电压或额定电压。 工作电压(worKing voltage)简称WV，为绝对安全值；若是surge voltage(简称SV或Vs)，就是涌浪电压或崩溃电压;，超过这个电压值就保证此电容会被浪淹死─小心电容会爆！根据国际IEC 384-4规定，低于315V时，Vs=1.15×Vr，高于315V时，Vs=1.1×Vr。Vs是涌浪电压，Vr是额定电压(rated voltage)。
上传时间： 2013-12-23
上传用户：gundan
Finite state machines are widely used in digital circuit designs. Generally, when designing a state machine using an HDL, the synthesis tools will optimize away all states that cannot be reached and generate a highly optimized circuit. Sometimes, however, the optimization is not acceptable. For example, if the circuit powers up in an invalid state, or the circuit is in an extreme worKing environment and a glitch sends it into an undesired state, the circuit may never get back to its normal operating condition.
标签： Creating Machines Mentor State
上传时间： 2013-10-08
上传用户：wangzhen1990
The above title is not happenstance and was arrived at afterconsiderable deliberation. As a linear IC manufacturer, it isour goal to encourage users to design and build switchingregulators. A problem is that while everyone agrees thatworKing switching regulators are a good thing, everyonealso agrees that they are difficult to get worKing. Switchingregulators, with their high efficiency and small size, areincreasingly desirable as overall package sizes shrink.Unfortunately, switching regulators are also one of themost difficult linear circuits to design. Mysterious modes,sudden, seemingly inexplicable failures, peculiar regulationcharacteristics and just plain explosions are commonoccurrences. Diodes conduct the wrong way. Things gethot that shouldn’t. Capacitors act like resistors, fusesdon’t blow and transistors do. The output is at ground, andthe ground terminal shows volts of noise.
标签： Regulators Switching Poets for
上传时间： 2013-12-19
上传用户：奇奇奔奔
介绍基于ISA总线与KH-9300的数据采集板卡的设置，详细说明8254定时计数器及8259中断控制器的结构特点、工作方式、控制字等，探讨中断类型、中断处理程序、中断矢量表及其填写。重点讲述使用TorboC编写中断服务程序的方法，应注意的主要问题及程序测试的结果。 Abstract: The settings of KH-9300 data acquisition board based on the ISA bus is introduced,the structural characteristics,worKing methods,control characters of the timing counter 8254 and interruptioncontroller 8259 are explained in detail.The interruption type,interrupt handling programs,interruption vector table and its filling also are discussed.Further,great emphasis is put on the method of interrupt service program compiled by Torbo C,the main issues that should be noted,and the results of program testing.
上传时间： 2013-11-14
上传用户：qq527891923
针对51单片机系统中常用的A/D转换器价格高、精度低的缺点，介绍TI公司的16 位的带有I2C串行接口的A/D转换器ADS1110的工作原理，给出ADS1110与AT89C51单片机系统的接口电路和软件设计。实践证明，ADS1110具有高性价比和实用性。 Abstract: According to the disadvantages of high expense and low accuracy of the general A/D converter used in MCS51 microchip system,the principle and worKing process of a high accuracy 16-bit A/D conversion ADS1110 which has I2C bus and belongs to TI Company are proposed here as well as the interface of ADS1110 to AT89C51 and software list.It is proved to be high performance index and practicability.
上传时间： 2013-11-21
上传用户：gyq
针对材料试验机等设备中要求测量或控制材料拉伸或压缩的位移，一般采用光电轴角编码器检测位置信号，输出正交编码脉冲信号。若采用其他方法检测位置信号，必然导致电路设计复杂，可靠性降低。因此，提出一种基于LS7266R1的电子式万能材料试验机设计方案。给出了试验机中的控制器工作原理，LS7266R1与单片机的接口硬件设计，以及主程序软件流程图。巧妙地把力量传感器，位移传感器等机械运动状态的压力或拉力以及位置坐标，变成了电压信号和电脉冲数字信号，供A/D测量和LS7266R1计数，从而实现了独立完成材料试验控制或通过PC机串口命令完成材料试验控制。 Abstract: Aiming at the requirement that the displacement of the tension and compression always be tested and controlled in the equipement such as material testing machine. The position signal was tested by photoelectric axial angle coder. Therefore， the paper proposes the design of electronic universal testing machine design based on LS7266R1. If the position signal detected by other methods， will inevitably lead to the circuit design complexity， reliability decreased. The work theory of the controller， the hardware interface design between LS7266R1 and single chip， and the flow chart of main program， are presented in this paper. The signal of the compression or tension power and displacement at worKing， which tested by power sensor and displacement sensor especially， is changed into electric voltage and electric pulse numerical signals. And these signals can be tested by A/D and counted by LS7266R1. Finally the test of the material properties can be controlled by itself， or controlled by the COM command of PC.
上传时间： 2013-11-02
上传用户：yl1140vista
介绍基于ATmega8型单片机的温度测量及加热控制系统。分析系统的工作原理，详尽讨论系统的硬件电路和软件流程。实验证明，该系统工作可靠，稳定性高。 Abstract: The new temperature measuring and heating control system based on ATmega8 MCU is introduced.The system’s worKing principles is analyzed.The design principles of hardware and software are also discussed in detail.This system has been testified and it works steady and reliably.
上传时间： 2013-11-21
上传用户：caiguoqing
为解决输油管道温度压力参数实时监测的问题，设计了以C8051F930单片机作为控制核心的超低功耗输油管道温度压力远程监测系统。现场仪表使用高精度电桥采集数据，通过433 MHz短距离无线通信网络与远程终端RTU进行通信，RTU通过GPRS网络与PC上位机进行远程数据传输，在上位机中实现数据存储和图形化界面显示，从而实现输油管道温度压力参数的实时监测和异常报警。经实验证明，该系统的12位数据采集精度满足设计要求，漏码率小于1%，正常工作时间超过5个月，能实时有效地监测输油管道的温度压力参数，节省大量人工成本，有效预防管道参数异常造成的经济损失和环境污染。 Abstract: In order to solve the problems on real-time monitoring of pipeline temperature and pressure parameters， the ultra-low power remote pipeline temperature and pressure monitoring system was designed by using the single chip processor C8051F930 as the control core. The high-precision electric bridge was used in field instruments for data collection， the 433MHz short-range wireless communication network was used to make communication between field instrument and RTU， the GPRS was used by the RTU to transmit data to the PC host computer， and the data was stored and displayed in the PC host computer， so the real-time monitoring and exception alerts of pipeline temperature and pressure parameters were achieved. The experiment proves that the system of which error rate is less than 1% over five months worKing with the 12-bit data acquisition accuracy can effectively monitor the pipeline temperature and pressure parameters in real time， it saves a lot of labor costs and effectively prevents environmental pollution and economic losses caused by abnormal channel parameters.
上传时间： 2013-11-07
上传用户：cuibaigao
介绍了一种基于MSP430系列单片机和ADXL203加速度传感器的数字式倾角仪，它不仅可以实现水平度检测，而且可以测量00～3600范围内的任意倾角，分辨率可达O．1。。此外，由于该倾角仪输出为数字结果，因此它也可以与其他的数字设备结合起来，组合成一个功能更加强大的仪器。该数字倾角仪可广泛应用于建筑、机械、道路、桥梁、石油、煤矿和地质勘探等各种需要测量重力参考系下倾角的场合。关键词：MSP430F133单片机；力敏传感器；ADXL203加速度计；角度测量 Abstract：This paper presents a new style digital inclinometer which is developed on the basis of the MSP430F133 MCU and the ADXL203 dual axis aeeelerometer．This inclinometer not only can test levelness，but also can measure any angle between 0。and 360。with an accuracy of 0．1 O．In addition，its output is a digital result，which makes it possible to integrate itself with other digital devices to form a more functional unit．This inclinometer can be widely used in any construction site，oil field，coal-mine or geologic survey and SO on where it will provide the worKing people with convenience to measure any angles．Key words：MSP430F133 MCU；force sensor；ADXL203 accelerometer；angle measurement
上传时间： 2013-11-14
上传用户：lizhizheng88
单片机系统“PC”失控的软件措施Software Measure of GettingO uto fC ontrolfo r“PC"in S ingleC hipC omputerS ystem谧 加 春 王 晓 基 雷 小 华(江 西 理 工 大 学机 电 工 程 学 院 ，赣 州 34 10 00)摘要单片机系统在实际工业现场中可能遇到各种干扰和自身的随机性故障。现场恶劣的环境有可能使计算机系统发生异常，计算机程序指针“PC”失控就是常见的故障之一，如果发生“PC”失控，将导致CPI工作混乱，酿成严重的事故。研究了“PC”失控的原因，并指出软件抗干扰的几种方法，有效保证单片机系统的正常工作。关键词单片机“PC”失控抗干扰Abstract Inp racticalin dustrialfi elds,th ereis v ariousin terferencea fectingo perationo fsi nglec hipc omputersy stemsa ndt hec omputersy stems。fac吨random faults饰themselves. It is very common that the severe environment makes the computer systems abnormal. The program counter "PC"gettingo utof co ntorlis on eo fth ec ommonfa ults.If th isoc curs,C PUw ouldb eru nningo utof or deran din torducesse riousan cient.T hec ausesof " PC"geting out of control， studied in this paper and some countermeasures of anti-interference师software are given to ensure single chip computer systemworKing properly.Keywords Single。饰computer Porgramc ounter"P C" Anti-interfeernc 在设 计 和 开发单片机系统时，一般难以周全地预计单片机系统在实际工业现场中可能遇到的各种干扰和自身的随机性故障。因此，除了采取防止和抑制干扰的各项措施外，还应该借助于软件措施克服某些干扰，系统还应具备迅速自行恢复的能力。本文介绍的应对单片机系统PC失控的软件措施，设计灵活，节省硬件资源，能保证测控系统长期可靠地运行。MC S- 5 1单片机以其优良的性能价格比大量应用于工业现场测试和控制领域。但是，现场恶劣的环境有可能使计算机系统发生异常，计算机程序指针PC失控就是常见的故障之一，一旦发生PC“走飞”，计算机系统就会出现工作混乱，酿成严重的事故。为 了 在 CP 失控时尽量减少由此带来的不利影响，并尽快使系统恢复正常，需要采取一定的软件措施和硬件措施。常见的硬件措施有“看门狗”电路。软件措施设置的前提条件是:①在干扰作用下，微机系统硬件部分不会受到任何损坏，或者损坏部分设置有监测状态可供查询;②程序区不会受到干扰侵害。单片机系统的程序和表格以及重要的参数均设置在ROM区，不会因干扰的侵人而改变;③ RAM区中的重要数据不会被破坏，或者虽然被破坏，但是可以重新建立。
上传时间： 2013-11-02
上传用户：bhqrd30
