This white paper discusses how market trends, the need for increased productivity, and new legislation have accelerated the use of safety systems in industrial machinery. This TÜV-qualified FPGA design methodology is changing the paradigms of safety designs and will greatly reduce development effort, system complexity, and time to market. This allows FPGA users to design their own customized safety controllers and provides a significant competitive advantage over traditional microcontroller or ASIC-based designs. Introduction The basic motivation of deploying functional safety systems is to ensure safe operation as well as safe behavior in cases of failure. Examples of functional safety systems include train brakes, proximity sensors for hazardous areas around machines such as fast-moving robots, and distributed control systems in process automation equipment such as those used in petrochemical plants. The International Electrotechnical Commission’s standard, IEC 61508: “Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems,” is understood as the standard for designing safety systems for electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) equipment. This standard was developed in the mid-1980s and has been revised several times to cover the technical advances in various industries. In addition, derivative standards have been developed for specific markets and applications that prescribe the particular requirements on functional safety systems in these industry applications. Example applications include process automation (IEC 61511), machine automation (IEC 62061), Transportation (railway EN 50128), medical (IEC 62304), automotive (ISO 26262), power generation, distribution, and Transportation. 图Figure 1. Local Safety System
上传时间： 2013-11-05
上传用户：维子哥哥
This white paper discusses how market trends, the need for increased productivity, and new legislation have accelerated the use of safety systems in industrial machinery. This TÜV-qualified FPGA design methodology is changing the paradigms of safety designs and will greatly reduce development effort, system complexity, and time to market. This allows FPGA users to design their own customized safety controllers and provides a significant competitive advantage over traditional microcontroller or ASIC-based designs. Introduction The basic motivation of deploying functional safety systems is to ensure safe operation as well as safe behavior in cases of failure. Examples of functional safety systems include train brakes, proximity sensors for hazardous areas around machines such as fast-moving robots, and distributed control systems in process automation equipment such as those used in petrochemical plants. The International Electrotechnical Commission’s standard, IEC 61508: “Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems,” is understood as the standard for designing safety systems for electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) equipment. This standard was developed in the mid-1980s and has been revised several times to cover the technical advances in various industries. In addition, derivative standards have been developed for specific markets and applications that prescribe the particular requirements on functional safety systems in these industry applications. Example applications include process automation (IEC 61511), machine automation (IEC 62061), Transportation (railway EN 50128), medical (IEC 62304), automotive (ISO 26262), power generation, distribution, and Transportation. 图Figure 1. Local Safety System
上传时间： 2013-11-14
上传用户：zoudejile
Guided vehicles (GVs) are commonly used for the internal Transportation of loads in warehouses, production plants and terminals. These guided vehicles can be routed with a variety of vehicle dispatching rules in an attempt to meet performance criteria such as minimizing the average load waiting times. In this research, we use simulation models of three companies to evaluate the performance of several real-time vehicle dispatching rules, in part described in the literature. It appears that there is a clear difference in average load waiting time between the different dispatching rules in the different environments. Simple rules, based on load and vehicle proximity (distance-based) perform best for all cases. The penalty for this is a relatively high maximum load waiting time. A distance-based rule with time truncation, giving more priority to loads that have to wait longer than a time threshold, appears to yield the best possible overall performance. A rule that particularly considers load-waiting time performs poor overall. We also show that using little pre-arrival information of loads leads to a significant improvement in the performance of the dispatching rules without changing their performance ranking.
标签： Testing and classifying vehicle dispatching rules in three real-world settings
上传时间： 2016-04-01
上传用户：五块钱的油条
The concept of smart cities emerged few years ago as a new vision for urban development that aims to integrate multiple information and communication technology (ICT) solutions in a secure fashion to manage a city’s assets. Modern ICT infrastructure and e-services should fuel sustainable growth and quality of life, enabled by a wise and participative management of natural resources to be ensured by citizens and government. The need to build smart cities became a requirement that relies on urban development that should take charge of the new infrastructures for smart cities (broadband infrastructures, wireless sensor networks, Internet-based networked applications, open data and open platforms) and provide various smart services and enablers in various domains including healthcare, energy, education, environmental management, Transportation, mobility and public safety.
上传时间： 2020-05-25
上传用户：shancjb
Electricity has been chosen as the most convenient and useful form of energy, due to its ease of Transportation over large distances and easy conversion to other energy forms. The biggest inconvenience with electricity is that it cannot be stored and must be utilized at the moment of generation. The storage of a large amount of electrical energy is usually connected with its conversion to other types of energy, which significantly reduces the efficiency of such processes. The aim of the power system, often treated as the biggest and the most complex machine ever built, is to deliver uninterruptible electric energy of demanded quality parameters to consumers.
标签： Electromagnetic Interference Conducted
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
The author of this textbook intends to consider all stages of the life cycle of the energy resources: extraction of mineral energy resources and mastering for power engineering renewable energy, Transportation of mineral energy raw materials to the place of consumption, the conversion of primary energy sources into electrical and/or thermal energy, Transportation and distribution among the customers, and energy storage (if necessary).
标签： Engineering Electrical Current Power State
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
The solid high-polymer-film-type fuel cell (PEM-FC) system is used as the power supply equipment for Transportation and replaces an internal combustion engine. A reduction of the environmental load is expected through the cogeneration system’s (CGS) use of the PEM-FC system as a distributed power supply to individual houses, apartments, and so forth [1–3]. The growing use of distributed power systems, such as fuel cells, the reduction of power-transmission losses, and an increase of waste heat recovery are expected. Therefore, the reduction of carbon- dioxide emission is also expected as compared to conventional energy supply methods using commercial electric power.
标签： Micro-grids Fuel Cell
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
Commercial energy storage has moved from the margins to the mainstream as it fosters flexibility in our smarter, increasingly integrated energy systems. The energy density, availability, and relatively clean fossil profile of natural gas ensure its critical role as a fuel for heating and electricity generation. As a Transportation fuel, natural gas continues to increase its market penetration; much of this has been enabled by emerging developments in storage technology.
标签： Hydrogen Methane Storage Energy and for
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
Internet of Things (IoT) [26] is a new networking paradigm for cyber-physical systems that allow physical objects to collect and exchange data. In the IoT, physical objects and cyber-agents can be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, which enables the integration between the physical world and computer-based systems and therefore extends the Internet into the real world. IoT can find numerous applications in smart housing, environmental monitoring, medical and health care systems, agriculture, Transportation, etc. Because of its significant application potential, IoT has attracted a lot of attention from both academic research and industrial development.
标签： Technologies Internet Things RFID for of
上传时间： 2020-06-08
上传用户：shancjb
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is gaining in popularity, especially as we find ourselves in this communications age and headed towards a ubiquitous computing world. Automatic identification systems become an important aspect not just in today’s technology but also as part of our daily life. We need RFID in our cars, Transportation systems, access points, and even simple transactions; we also acknowledge the need for RFID in our logistics systems, healthcare, and tracking and locating applications.
标签： RFID-Enabled Appications Design Sensor and
上传时间： 2020-06-08
上传用户：shancjb
