Calculation of the Differential Impedance of Tracks on FR4 substrates There is a discrepancy between calculated and measured values of impedance for differential TRAnSMISSION lineson FR4. This is especially noticeable in the case of surface microstrip configurations. The anomaly is shown tobe due to the nature of the substrate material. This needs to be considered as a layered structure of epoxy resinand glass fibre. Calculations, using Boundary Element field methods, show that the distribution of the electricfield within this layered structure determines the apparent dielectric constant and therefore affects theimpedance. Thus FR4 cannot be considered to be uniform dielectric when calculating differential impedance.
上传时间： 2014-12-24
上传用户：DE2542
阻抗匹配 阻抗匹配（Impedance matching）是微波电子学里的一部分，主要用于传输线上，来达至所有高频的微波信号皆能传至负载点的目的，不会有信号反射回来源点，从而提升能源效益。 大体上，阻抗匹配有两种，一种是透过改变阻抗力（lumped-circuit matching），另一种则是调整传输线的波长（TRAnSMISSION line matching）。 要匹配一组线路，首先把负载点的阻抗值，除以传输线的特性阻抗值来归一化，然后把数值划在史密夫图表上。 把电容或电感与负载串联起来，即可增加或减少负载的阻抗值，在图表上的点会沿著代表实数电阻的圆圈走动。如果把电容或电感接地，首先图表上的点会以图中心旋转180度，然后才沿电阻圈走动，再沿中心旋转180度。重覆以上方法直至电阻值变成1，即可直接把阻抗力变为零完成匹配。 由负载点至来源点加长传输线，在图表上的圆点会沿著图中心以逆时针方向走动，直至走到电阻值为1的圆圈上，即可加电容或电感把阻抗力调整为零，完成匹配.........
标签： 阻抗匹配
上传时间： 2013-11-13
上传用户：ddddddos
Abstract: Impedance mismatches in a radio-frequency (RF) electrical TRAnSMISSION line cause power loss andreflected energy. Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a way to measure TRAnSMISSION line imperfections. Thistutorial defines VSWR and explains how it is calculated. Finally, an antenna VSWR monitoring system is shown.
上传时间： 2013-10-19
上传用户：yuanwenjiao
为提高温度测量效率，降低系统的成本，扩展传输距离，设计出一种新型温度采集系统。单片机通过控制具有单总线方式的温度传感器DS18B20实现对温度的测量，同时单片机通过控制具有单总线方式300～450MHz频率范围内的MAX7044与MAX7033无线发射与接收芯片实现温度数据的无线传输。与传统温度采集系统相比，该系统利用单总线方式连接，采用无线传输方式实现远距离通信，易于系统的集成与扩展。实验结果表明，该系统结构简单、方便移植，能够同时实现多达上百点温度的测量与500m范围的传输。 Abstract: To improve the temperature measurement efficiency and reduce system cost,expansion of TRAnSMISSION distance,a new type of temperature acquisition system is designed.Microcontroller controlled temperature sensor DS18B20which has a single-bus achieves temperature measurement,while microcontroller by controlled the MAX7044and MAX7033chip with a single-bus and having300~450MHz radiofrequency to achieve the wireless TRAnSMISSION of temperature data.Compared with conventional temperature acquisition system,the system uses single-bus connected,and uses wireless TRAnSMISSION means to achieve long-distance communications,easy-to-system integration and expansion.The experimental results show that the system is simple,convenient transplantation,and can be implemented in as many as a hundred-point temperature measure-ment and the TRAnSMISSION range of500meters.
上传时间： 2013-10-29
上传用户：515414293
介绍一种基于C8051单片机的动态心电监护系统。该系统由两部分组成：以C8051F320单片机为核心的数据采集装置和以PC机为平台的分析处理系统。硬件电路功耗低，由单片机自带的USB接口将数据传送给PC机。软件平台采用LabVIEW可视化虚拟仪器系统开发平台，将传统仪器的功能模块集成到计算机中，用户可通过修改虚拟仪器的程序改变其功能。采用USB接口实时传输心电数据，并将数据采集模块设计为计算机外设，使该系统高速快捷、小巧便携。 Abstract: In this design，a low-cost ECG electrocardiogram monitoring system is introduced，which consists of two parts:data acquisition device based on C8051F320and PC terminal as the analysis and processing system.The system is low-power consumption，the data is transmitted to the PC terminal by USB interface of the C8051F320.By using the visible virtual instrument system developing platform LabVIEW，the traditional instruments function modules are integrated into the computer，so the user can modify virtual instrument software to change its function to meet their needs.Using USB in-terface to realize real-time ECG data TRAnSMISSION，in addition，ECG data acquisition module is designed as the computer peripheral，which makes the syetem high-speed and portable.
上传时间： 2013-11-13
上传用户：zhangzhenyu
提出一种基于C8051F040的炮塔方位角测试系统的设计方案，给出测试系统的各个模块软硬件设计。炮塔方位角测试系统集数据采集，数据传输和数据显示等功能于一体，实现了炮塔方位角装置的离线检测。系统软件采用C51编写，对单片机进行有效电源管理，保证了系统的稳定性，可靠性。 Abstract: This paper puts forwards a design of artillery position system based on C8051F040，describes all modules hardware and software design of measurement system.The system has the function of information collection，TRAnSMISSION，and display.It can measure artillery position system in offline.The system software using C51can manage the power of single chip microcomputer，guarantee the stability，reliability.
上传时间： 2014-12-27
上传用户：7891
在汽车发动机起动时，若发动机起动后起动机不能及时断电，将会烧毁起动机或损坏飞轮齿环；若变速器不在空档位置起动，则起动机的瞬间动力将使汽车位移，还可能引起交通事故和人身安全。为此介绍一种利用NXP P89LPC901单片机控制的汽车起动保护控制器，通过检测汽车起动开关、变速箱档位、发动机转速，实现对汽车发动机起动过程检测和保护。起动保护控制器在发动机起动过程中通过采用逐个关闭打开负载系统，解决汽车发动机过程中因起动电流大而对汽车电源的冲击影响,延长了电瓶寿命。 Abstract: When the automotive engine is started, the engine start motor and flywheel gear may be damaged， even traffic accidents and personal safeties may be caused by wrong operation or other factors.In order to ensure the automotive engine can be started normally and safely,it is necessary that the protecting measures and methods are considered in the automotive electrical control system.This paper introduces a kind of the automotive engine starting protect controller based on NXP P89LPC901 MCU.The controller can protect the engine starting process by detecting the starter key switch,TRAnSMISSION stall and engine speed.Through the use of close and open load system,the controller can solve the impact on automotive power because of the high-current load in the process of the automobile engine starting, and extend battery life.
上传时间： 2013-10-15
上传用户：mikesering
针对当前安检力学试验机所能完成的试验种类单一、自动化程度低等问题，提出一种以ATmega128单片机为核心控制器的安检力学试验机的设计。详细阐述了该安检力学试验机各个组成部分的设计原理和方案，并且给出了各部分的软件设计思想和操作流程。经过大量测试试验表明：设计的安检力学试验机可以完成多达十余种的力学安检试验，完全符合相关国家标准，并且具有数据采集精度高、传输速度快、操作安全简便等特点，实现了安检设备的多功能化、数字化和自动化。 Abstract: Currently， many mechanical security testing machines have only one function. The degree of automation of them is low. To solve those problems， a new kind of mechanical security testing machine， using ATmega128 micro-controller as its core controller， has been advanced. It describes the components of the machine. The principles and the scheme in the designing processes are presented in detail， and the software architecture and the operation processes of each part are given. After having done many testing， we have reached the following conclusions: the mechanical security testing machine presented can do over ten mechanical security tests complying with related national standards. It has high data acquisition accuracy and high TRAnSMISSION speed. The operation of the machine is simple and safe. In general， this machine is a multi-functional， highly automatic， digitalized security testing device.
上传时间： 2013-11-05
上传用户：a67818601
The SN65LBC170 and SN75LBC170 aremonolithic integrated circuits designed forbidirectional data communication on multipointbus-TRAnSMISSION lines. Potential applicationsinclude serial or parallel data TRAnSMISSION, cabledperipheral buses with twin axial, ribbon, ortwisted-pair cabling. These devices are suitablefor FAST-20 SCSI and can transmit or receivedata pulses as short as 25 ns, with skew lessthan 3 ns.These devices combine three 3-state differentialline drivers and three differential input linereceivers, all of which operate from a single 5-Vpower supply.The driver differential outputs and the receiverdifferential inputs are connected internally to formthree differential input/output (I/O) bus ports thatare designed to offer minimum loading to the buswhenever the driver is disabled or VCC = 0. Theseports feature a wide common-mode voltage rangemaking the device suitable for party-lineapplications over long cable runs.
上传时间： 2013-10-13
上传用户：ytulpx
车辆行驶性能的好坏，不仅取决于发动机，而且在很大程度上还依赖于变速器及变速器与发动机的匹配。在汽车上使用的自动变速器大致有三类：液力自动变速器（Automatic TRAnSMISSION，AT）、电子控制机械自动变速器（AutomaticMechanicalTRAnSMISSION，AMT）和金属带式无级变速器（Continuously Variable TRAnSMISSION，CVT）。前两种变速器都是有级或分段无级自动变速，无级变速器CVT避免了齿轮传动比不连续的缺点，具有传动比连续、传递动力平稳、操纵方便、可使汽车行驶过程中经常处于良好的性能状态、可改善汽车排放和降低燃油消耗等特点，真正实现了无级变速。我国的汽车工业与发达国家有较大的差距，通过研制无级变速（CVT）控制系统对缩小差距和世新纪发展我国民族汽车工业都具有十分重要的意义。
上传时间： 2013-11-11
上传用户：qingzhuhu
