Although the origins of radio frequency based wireless networking can be traced back to the University of Hawaii’s ALOHANET research project in the 1970s, the key events that led to wireless networking becoming one of the fastest growing technologies of the early 21st century have been the ratification of the IEEE 802.11 standard in 1997, and the subsequent development of interoperability certification by the Wi-Fi Alliance (formerly WECA).
标签： Networking Technology Wireless
上传时间： 2020-06-01
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Welcome to the third volume of the book entitled Technologies for the Wireless Future, which is produced by WWRF. The idea is to take the most important outputs from the working groups and special-interest groups that compose the Forum and bring them together in a series of one-volume surveys. The latest of these will give the reader a good overview of the WWRF approach to analyzing the future of wireless and mobile communications, as well as an insight into the trends themselves and the key technologies that will be deployed.
标签： Wireless Research Forum World
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This book paves the path toward fourth generation (4G) mobile communica- tion by introducing mobility in heterogeneous IP networks with both third generation (3G) and wireless local area networks (WLANs), which is seen as one of the central issues in the becoming 4G of telecommunications networks and systems. This book presents a thorough overview of 3G networks and standards and discusses interworking and handover mechanisms between WLANs and the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS).
标签： Wireless towards WLANs WPANs 4G
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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is one of the most prevalent threats to the reliability of electronic components. It is an event in which a finite amount of charge is trans- ferred from one object (i.e., human body) to another (i.e., microchip). This process can result in a very high current passing through the microchip within a very short period of time, and, hence, more than 35% of chip damages can be attributed to an ESD-related event. As such, designing on-chip ESD structures to protect integrated circuits against the ESD stresses is a high priority in the semiconductor industry.
标签： Electrostatic Protection Discharge
上传时间： 2020-06-05
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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomena have been known to mankind since the Greek Empire when Thales of Miletus, one of the Seven Sages of Greece, noticed the attraction of strands of hay to amber, leading to the coining of the word ‘‘electron.’’ In the 17th century, Gilbert and Cabeo addressed the attractive and repulsive nature of electricity. In the 18th century, a rapid increase of interest occurred for scientists in the understanding of electrical physics—Gray, du Fay, Nollet, Musschenbroeck, Franklin, Watson, Aepinus, Canton,
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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomena have been known to mankind since the Greek Empire when Thales of Miletus, one of the Seven Sages of Greece, noticed the attraction of strands of hay to amber, leading to the coining of the word “electron.” Electrical discharge and the guiding of electrical discharge (e.g., lightning) was of interest to Benjamin Franklin in the 1700s, with the invention of the lightning rod. The lightning rod was mankind’s first effort to guide the electrical discharge current of a lightning strike in a direction that would not harm structures.
标签： Circuits Devices 2015 ESD and
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The challenges associated with the design and implementation of Electro- static Discharge (ESD) protection circuits become increasingly complex as technology is scaled well into nano-metric regime. One must understand the behavior of semiconductor devices under very high current densities, high temperature transients in order to surmount the nano-meter ESD challenge. As a consequence, the quest for suitable ESD solution in a given technology must start from the device level. Traditional approaches of ESD design may not be adequate as the ESD damages occur at successively lower voltages in nano-metric dimensions.
标签： Protection Circuit Device Design ESD and
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As we enter the next millennium, there are clear technological patterns. First, the electronic industry continues to scale microelectronic structures to achieve faster devices, new devices, or more per unit area. Secondly, electrostatic charge, electrostatic discharge (ESD), electrical overstress (EOS) and electromagnetic emissions (EMI) continue to be a threat to these scaled structures. This dichotomy presents a dilemma for the scaling of semiconductor technologies and a future threat to new technologies. Technological advancements, material changes, design techniques, and simulation can fend off this growing concern – but to maintain this ever-threatening challenge, one must continue to establish research and education in this issue.
标签： ESD-Phenomena-and-the-Reliability
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As a student I did my best to avoid text books – a strange statement for a Professor to make and one that I should clarify before you put this book down; I did my best to avoid text books that did not help me.
标签： Microdevices Ceramic Thick Films MEMS for and
上传时间： 2020-06-06
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Thanks to the advances in micromachining fabrication technologies and significant cost reduction due to mass production, miniature sensors of angular rate, or gyroscopes, found their way into the everyday life of every user of modern gadgets, such as smart phones, tablets or even wristwatches. Often without realising, many of us are carrying in our pockets fully equipped with all necessary sensors complete inertial navigation systems that not so long ago were available only for advanced vehicles in sea, land, air or space. Accelerometers and gyroscopes are found in specifications of any gadget supposed to react to user movements. And one of the most commonly used type of gyroscopes used to developed these systems is Coriolis vibratory gyroscope (CVG).
标签： Gyroscopes Vibratory Coriolis
上传时间： 2020-06-06
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