This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10- layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in card attached through a connector. This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect. However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations. Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to ensure compliance to all applicable specifications. The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
上传时间： 2013-10-15
上传用户：busterman
電子設備的 ON/OFF 按鈕給繫統設計師帶來了一組獨特的挑戰
上传时间： 2013-10-13
上传用户：18165383642
The P89LPC912/913/914 are single-chip microcontrollers in low-cost 14-pin packages, based on a high performance processor architecture that executes instructions in two to four clocks, six times the rate of standard 80C51 devices. Many system level functions have been incorporated into the P89LPC912/913/914 in order to reduce component count, board space, and system cost.
上传时间： 2013-10-12
上传用户：司令部正军级
现有基于MAX7219芯片的数码管驱动电路只适用于小尺寸LED，为扩展其使用范围，在介绍动态显示芯片MAX7219功能的基础上，提出了一个基于该芯片的8位高亮度8英寸数码管驱动电路。电路保留了MAX7219芯片的功能强大、编程简单等优点，通过74LS273锁存器和ULN2803达林顿驱动器，实现了对任意大尺寸数码管提供较高电压和电流驱动的静态显示，并亮度可调。 Abstract: The existing display-driving circuit based on MAX7219 was only applicable to small-size LED. To expand its use, based on the function introduction of dynamic display chip MAX7219, a display-driving circuit for high-brightness 8-bit LED with the size of 8-inch was proposed. The advantages of MAX7219 were retained, such as powerful function and simple programming. Static display with adjustable brightness for large-size LED with higher voltage and current was achieved with the help of 74LS273 and ULN2803.
上传时间： 2013-10-23
上传用户：31633073
为提高电容测量精度，针对电容式传感器的工作原理设计了基于PIC16LF874单片机电容测量模块。简单阐述了电容测量电路的应用背景和国内外研究现状，介绍了美国Microchip公司PIC16LF874单片机的特性。电容式传感器输出的动态微弱电容信号通过PS021型电容数字转换器把模拟量数据转换成数字量数据，所测数据由PIC16LF874单片机应用程序进行处理、显示和保存。实验结果表明，固定电容标称值为10~20 pF 的测量值相对误差在1%以内，同时也可知被测电容容值越大，测量值和标称值相对误差越小。 Abstract: To improve the accuracy of capacitance measurement，aimed at the principle of work of mercury capacitance acceleration transducer，the design of micro capacitance measurement circuit is based on the key PIC16LF874 chip. Briefly discusses the application of the capacitance measuring circuit for the background and status of foreign researchers，focusing on the United States PIC16LF874 microcontroller features. Capacitive sensor outputed signal through the dynamics of weak PS021-chip capacitors （capacitancedigital converter） to convert analog data into digital data，the measured data from the PIC16LF874 microcontroller application process， display and preservation. Experimental results show that the fixed capacitor 10pF ~ 20pF nominal value of the measured value of relative error is within 1%，but also it canbe seen the value of the measured capacitance larger，measuring value and the nominal value of relative error smaller.
上传时间： 2013-10-29
上传用户：wojiaohs
提出一种基于凌阳单片机的步进电机加减速的控制方法。采用凌阳科技推出的16位结构工控单片机SPMC75F2413A为控制器，由Allegro公司生产的两相步进电机专用驱动器件SLA7042M构成步进电机的驱动电路，在传统的3段直线加减速控制算法基础上增加至7段S形曲线加减速过程，控制步进电机的启动和停止。实验结果表明，该控制方法克服了直线加减速中不连续、易造成系统冲击的问题，整个系统实现柔性控制，电机启动、停止连续性能提高30%。 Abstract: The method of controlled stepping motor is referred based on SPMC75F2413A MCU， which adopts the 16 knots SPMC75F2413A MCU as the controller. The special-purpose actuation chip SLA7042M of two stepping motor produced by Allegro Corporation constituted to actuation electric circuit. The purpose of increasing to seven section of S shape curve based on the traditional three sections of straight line is to control the start and stop process of stepping motor. The experimental results show that the control method solves easy to pull-out and overshot problems. The overall system realizes flexible control， and the performance of motor start or stop continuity is increased 30%
上传时间： 2013-12-08
上传用户：jiangfire
为提高太阳能的利用率，以ATmega8单片机为控制核心，设计了一套光电跟踪与视日运动轨迹跟踪互补控制的双轴太阳跟踪器。该跟踪器在晴天时，利用光敏电阻采集光强判断太阳位置,控制步进电机实现光电跟踪；在阴天时，采集时钟器件PCF8583的时间信息,计算当前太阳位置来实现视日运动轨迹跟踪。实验表明：该太阳跟踪器能在不同天气状况下对太阳进行较准确地跟踪，能量接收效率提高了30%，达到充分利用太阳能的目的。 Abstract: To improve the utilization rate of solar energy，a kind of solar tracking controller which effectively combined the sun angle tracking and photo electric tracking based on ATmega8is designed.In the sunny days，the solar tracking con-troller determines the sun's position by using photosensitive resistances to collect light intensity and control stepper motors to achieve photo electric tracking，n cloudy days，it collects clock chip PCF8583time information to calculate the current position of the sun and achieve the sun angle tracking.Experimental results show the solar tracking controller accurately tracks the sun in different weather conditions，improves received energy efficiency by30%and reaches the purpose of full use of solar energy.
上传时间： 2013-10-15
上传用户：urgdil
设计一种基于P89V51RD2的功率因数测量仪，采用光电隔离器和专用数码管驱动器。该测量仪是以增强型单片机P89V51RD2为核心，大大简化系统硬件设计。而软件部分采用模块化设计思想，采用中值滤波和小数补偿算法，实现功率因数的高精度测量。实验测试表明，该功率因数测量仪测量精度高，运行稳定可靠。 Abstract: A power－factor measurement instrument based on P89V51RD2is designed，which uses optical coupler and specific LED drive chip.The power factor measurement instrument uses P89V51RD2as a core of which greatly simplifies the system design.Furthermore，modularization software is developed in detail.The high precision power－factor measuring system is realized by the center value filter and fractional compensation algorithm.Experiments manifests that the power－ factor measurement instrument is high precision，steady and reliable.
上传时间： 2014-12-27
上传用户：CHINA526
实时时钟是微机保护装置的重要部件，在讨论PCF8583结构与功能的基础上，提出采用dsPIC33F系列微处理器与串行I2C时钟PCF8583的接口设计方案，给出了相应的接口电路与软件流程。该设计方案结构简单，可靠性高，开发周期短，具有一定的实用与参考价值。所设计的微机保护装置已投入现场运行，效果良好。 Abstract: Real-time clock chip is an important part in microcomputer protection device.Based on discussing the structure and function of PCF8583，a new interface scheme which uses dsPIC33F microprocessor and serial clock chip（I2C）PCF8583is proposed.The method of the circuit design and the main software flow are introduced in this paper.The scheme has simple structure，higher reliability and shorter exploitation cycle，so has definite practicality or reference value.The microcomputer protection device has been put into operation with better effects.
上传时间： 2013-11-18
上传用户：Thuan
设计一种基于AT89C52的语音录放系统，利用单片机、ISD2560语音录放器件、麦克风、扬声器等元器件实现硬件电路的设计，并利用C51高级语言设计ISD2560器件控制字的写入和定时中断程序。经软硬件调试，结果表明该系统录放效果良好，具有一定的工程实用价值。 Abstract: Voice recording and playback system based on AT89C52is designed in this paper.Using the single-chip microcomputer，voice recording and playback chip ISD2560，microphone and speaker to realize the hardware circuit design.Writing ISD2560control words and timing interrupt procedures are designed by C51advanced language.Through the hardware and software test,voice recording and playback system play better voice,and this system has some engineering practical values.
上传时间： 2013-10-20
上传用户：ywcftc277
