A tutorial on SAR type A/D converters, this note contains detailed information on several 12-bit circuits. Comparator, clocking, and preamplifier designs are discussed. A final circuit gives a 12-bit conversion in 1.8µs. Appended sections explain the basic SAR technique and explore D/A considerations.
上传时间： 2014-01-21
上传用户：钓鳌牧马
This application note describes a Linear Technology "Half-Flash" A/D converter, the LTC1099, being connected to a 256 element line scan photodiode array. This technology adapts itself to handheld (i.e., low power) bar code readers, as well as high resolution automated machine inspection applications..
上传时间： 2013-11-21
上传用户：lchjng
Highlights the LTC1062 as a lowpass filter in a phase lock loop. Describes how the loop's bandwidth can be increased and the VCO output jitter reduced when the LTC1062 is the loop filter. Compares it with a passive RC loop filter. Also discussed is the use of LTC1062 as simple bandpass and bandstop filter.
上传时间： 2013-10-24
上传用户：chens000
Application considerations and circuits for the LT1001 and LT1002 single and dual precision amplifiers are illustrated in a number of circuits, including strain gauge signal conditioners, linearized platinum RTD circuits, an ultra precision dead zone circuit for motor servos and other examples.
上传时间： 2013-10-18
上传用户：dreamboy36
Differential Nonlinearity: Ideally, any two adjacent digitalcodes correspond to output analog voltages that are exactlyone LSB apart. Differential non-linearity is a measure of theworst case deviation from the ideal 1 LSB step. For example,a DAC with a 1.5 LSB output change for a 1 LSB digital codechange exhibits 1⁄2 LSB differential non-linearity. Differentialnon-linearity may be expressed in fractional bits or as a percentageof full scale. A differential non-linearity greater than1 LSB will lead to a non-monotonic transfer function in aDAC.Gain Error (Full Scale Error): The difference between theoutput voltage (or current) with full scale input code and theideal voltage (or current) that should exist with a full scale inputcode.Gain Temperature Coefficient (Full Scale TemperatureCoefficient): Change in gain error divided by change in temperature.Usually expressed in parts per million per degreeCelsius (ppm/°C).Integral Nonlinearity (Linearity Error): Worst case deviationfrom the line between the endpoints (zero and full scale).Can be expressed as a percentage of full scale or in fractionof an LSB.LSB (Lease-Significant Bit): In a binary coded system thisis the bit that carries the smallest value or weight. Its value isthe full scale voltage (or current) divided by 2n, where n is theresolution of the converter.Monotonicity: A monotonic function has a slope whose signdoes not change. A monotonic DAC has an output thatchanges in the same direction (or remains constant) for eachincrease in the input code. the converse is true for decreasing codes.
标签： Converters Defini DAC
上传时间： 2013-10-30
上传用户：stvnash
2-1 何谓测量放大电路？对其基本要求是什么？ 在测量控制系统中，用来放大传感器输出的微弱电压，电流或电荷信号的放大电路称为测量放大电路，亦称仪用放大电路。对其基本要求是：①输入阻抗应与传感器输出阻抗相匹配；②一定的放大倍数和稳定的增益；③低噪声；④低的输入失调电压和输入失调电流以及低的漂移；⑤足够的带宽和转换速率（无畸变的放大瞬态信号）；⑥高输入共模范围（如达几百伏）和高共模抑制比；⑦可调的闭环增益；⑧线性好、精度高；⑨成本低。 2-2 图2-2a所示斩波稳零放大电路中，为什么采用高、低频两个通道，即R3、C3组成的高频通道和调制、解调、交流放大器组成的低频通道？ 采用高频通道是为了使斩波稳零放大电路能在较宽的频率范围内工作，而采用低频通道则能对微弱的直流或缓慢变化的信号进行低漂移和高精度的放大。 2-3 请参照图2-3，根据手册中LF347和CD4066的连接图（即引脚图），将集成运算放大器LF347和集成模拟开关CD4066接成自动调零放大电路。 LF347和CD4066接成的自动调零放大电路如图X2-1。
标签： 信号放大电路
上传时间： 2013-10-09
上传用户：ysjing
高速数字系统设计下载pdf:High-Speed Digital SystemDesign—A Handbook ofInterconnect Theory and DesignPracticesStephen H. HallGarrett W. HallJames A. McCallA Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.New York • Chichester • Weinheim • Brisbane • Singapore • TorontoCopyright © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.speeddigital systems at the platform level. The book walks the reader through everyrequired concept, from basic transmission line theory to digital timing analysis, high-speedmeasurement techniques, as well as many other topics. In doing so, a unique balancebetween theory and practical applications is achieved that will allow the reader not only tounderstand the nature of the problem, but also provide practical guidance to the solution.The level of theoretical understanding is such that the reader will be equipped to see beyondthe immediate practical application and solve problems not contained within these pages.Much of the information in this book has not been needed in past digital designs but isabsolutely necessary today. Most of the information covered here is not covered in standardcollege curricula, at least not in its focus on digital design, which is arguably one of the mostsignificant industries in electrical engineering.The focus of this book is on the design of robust high-volume, high-speed digital productssuch as computer systems, with particular attention paid to computer busses. However, thetheory presented is applicable to any high-speed digital system. All of the techniquescovered in this book have been applied in industry to actual digital products that have beensuccessfully produced and sold in high volume.Practicing engineers and graduate and undergraduate students who have completed basicelectromagnetic or microwave design classes are equipped to fully comprehend the theorypresented in this book. At a practical level, however, basic circuit theory is all thebackground required to apply the formulas in this book.
上传时间： 2013-10-26
上传用户：缥缈
铝电解电容器：详细介绍原理，应用，使用技巧 电容器(capacitor)在音响组件中被广泛运用，滤波、反交连、高频补偿、直流回授...随处可见。但若依功能及制造材料、制造方法细分，那可不是一朝一夕能说得明白。所以缩小范围，本文只谈电解电容，而且只谈电源平滑滤波用的铝质电解电容。 每台音响机器都要吃电源─除了被动式前级，既然需要供电，那就少不了「滤波」这个动作。不要和我争，采用电池供电当然无必要电源平滑滤波。但电池充电电路也有整流及滤波，故滤波电容器还是会存在。 我们现在习用的滤波电容，正式的名称应是：铝箔干式电解电容器。就我的观察，除加拿大Sonic Frontiers真空管前级，曾在高压稳压线路中选用PP塑料电容做滤波外，其它机种一概都是采用铝箔干式电解电容；因此网友有必要对它多做了解。 面对电源稳压线路中担任电源平滑滤波的电容器，你首先想到的会是什幺？─容量？耐压？电容器的封装外皮上一定有容量标示，那是指静电容量；也一定有耐压标示，那是指工作电压或额定电压。 工作电压(working voltage)简称WV，为绝对安全值；若是surge voltage(简称SV或Vs)，就是涌浪电压或崩溃电压;，超过这个电压值就保证此电容会被浪淹死─小心电容会爆！根据国际IEC 384-4规定，低于315V时，Vs=1.15×Vr，高于315V时，Vs=1.1×Vr。Vs是涌浪电压，Vr是额定电压(rated voltage)。
上传时间： 2013-12-23
上传用户：gundan
磁珠由氧磁体组成，电感由磁心和线圈组成，磁珠把交流信号转化为热能，电感把交流存储起来，缓慢的释放出去。 磁珠对高频信号才有较大阻碍作用，一般规格有100欧/100mMHZ ,它在低频时电阻比电感小得多。电感的等效电阻可有Z=2X3.14xf 来求得。 铁氧体磁珠 (Ferrite Bead) 是目前应用发展很快的一种抗干扰元件，廉价、易用，滤除高频噪声效果显著。 在电路中只要导线穿过它即可（我用的都是象普通电阻模样的，导线已穿过并胶合，也有表面贴装的形式，但很少见到卖的）。当导线中电流穿过时，铁氧体对低频电流几乎没有什么阻抗，而对较高频率的电流会产生较大衰减作用。高频电流在其中以热量形式散发，其等效电路为一个电感和一个电阻串联，两个元件的值都与磁珠的长度成比例。 磁珠种类很多，制造商应提供技术指标说明，特别是磁珠的阻抗与频率关系的曲线。 有的磁珠上有多个孔洞，用导线穿过可增加元件阻抗（穿过磁珠次数的平方），不过在高频时所增加的抑制噪声能力不可能如预期的多，而用多串联几个磁珠的办法会好些。 铁氧体是磁性材料，会因通过电流过大而产生磁饱和，导磁率急剧下降。大电流滤波应采用结构上专门设计的磁珠，还要注意其散热措施。 铁氧体磁珠不仅可用于电源电路中滤除高频噪声（可用于直流和交流输出），还可广泛应用于其他电路，其体积可以做得很小。特别是在数字电路中，由于脉冲信号含有频率很高的高次谐波，也是电路高频辐射的主要根源，所以可在这种场合发挥磁珠的作用。 铁氧体磁珠还广泛应用于信号电缆的噪声滤除。 以常用于电源滤波的HH-1H3216-500为例，其型号各字段含义依次为：HH 是其一个系列，主要用于电源滤波，用于信号线是HB系列；1 表示一个元件封装了一个磁珠，若为4则是并排封装四个的；H 表示组成物质，H、C、M为中频应用（50－200MHz），T低频应用（<50MHz），S高频应用（>200MHz）；3216 封装尺寸，长3.2mm，宽1.6mm，即1206封装；500 阻抗（一般为100MHz时），50 ohm。 其产品参数主要有三项：阻抗[Z]@100MHz (ohm) : Typical 50, Minimum 37;直流电阻DC Resistance (m ohm): Maximum 20;额定电流Rated Current (mA): 2500. 磁珠有很高的电阻率和磁导率， 他等效于电阻和电感串联， 但电阻值和电感值都随频率变化。 他比普通的电感有更好的高频滤波特性，在高频时呈现阻性，所以能在相当宽的频率范围内保持较高的阻抗，从而提高调频滤波效果。 磁珠主要用于高频隔离，抑制差模噪声等。
标签： 电感
上传时间： 2013-11-05
上传用户：猫爱薛定谔
提出了一种改进的基于直接频率合成技术（DDS）的任意波形发生器在现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）上的实现方法。首先将三角波、正弦波、方波和升/降锯齿波的波形数据写入片外存储器，当调用时再将相应的数据移入FPGA的片上RAM，取代分区块的将所有类型波形数据同时存储在片上RAM中的传统方法；再利用正弦波和三角波的波形在4个象限的对称性以及锯齿波的线性特性，通过硬件反相器对波形数据和寻址地址值进行处理，实现了以1/4的数据量还原出精度不变的模拟信号，从而将整体的存储量减小为原始设计方案的5%。经验证，这种改进方法正确可行，能够大大降低开发成本。
上传时间： 2013-12-25
上传用户：日光微澜
