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  • CPLD介绍,硬件结构及VHDL语言应用

    对CPLD学习者有帮助,既讲解了硬件的结构,又讲述了VHDL语言的应用

    标签: CPLD VHDL 硬件结构 语言

    上传时间: 2013-08-20

    上传用户:leyesome

  • 电子学名词介绍

    电子学名词1、 电阻率---又叫电阻系数或叫比电阻。是衡量物质导电性能好坏的一个物理量,以字母ρ表示,单位为欧姆*毫米平方/米。在数值上等于用那种物质做的长1米截面积为1平方毫米的导线,在温度20C时的电阻值,电阻率越大,导电性能越低。则物质的电阻率随温度而变化的物理量,其数值等于温度每升高1C时,电阻率的增加与原来的电阻电阻率的比值,通常以字母α表示,单位为1/C。2、 电阻的温度系数----表示物质的电阻率随温度而变化的物理量,其数值等于温度每升高1C时,电阻率的增加量与原来的电阻率的比值,通常以字母α表示,单位为1/C。3、 电导----物体传导电流的本领叫做电导。在直流电路里,电导的数值就是电阻值的倒数,以字母ɡ表示,单位为欧姆。4、 电导率----又叫电导系数,也是衡量物质导电性能好坏的一个物理量。大小在数值上是电阻率的倒数,以字母γ表示,单位为米/欧姆*毫米平方。5、 电动势----电路中因其他形式的能量转换为电能所引起的电位差,叫做电动势或者简称电势。用字母E表示,单位为伏特。6、 自感----当闭合回路中的电流发生变化时,则由这电流所产生的穿过回路本身磁通也发生变化,因此在回路中也将感应电动势,这现象称为自感现象,这种感应电动势叫自感电动势。7、 互感----如果有两只线圈互相靠近,则其中第一只线圈中电流所产生的磁通有一部分与第二只线圈相环链。当第一线圈中电流发生变化时,则其与第二只线圈环链的磁通也发生变化,在第二只线圈中产生感应电动势。这种现象叫做互感现象。8、 电感----自感与互感的统称。9、 感抗----交流电流过具有电感的电路时,电感有阻碍交流电流过的作用,这种作用叫做感抗,以Lx表示,Lx=2πfL。10、容抗----交流电流过具有电容的电路时,电容有阻碍交流电流过的作用,这种作用叫做容抗,以Cx表示,Cx=1/12πfc。11、脉动电流----大小随时间变化而方向不变的电流,叫做脉动电流。12、振幅----交变电流在一个周期内出现的最大值叫振幅。13、平均值----交变电流的平均值是指在某段时间内流过电路的总电荷与该段时间的比值。正弦量的平均值通常指正半周内的平均值,它与振幅值的关系:平均值=0.637*振幅值。14、有效值----在两个相同的电阻器件中,分别通过直流电和交流电,如果经过同一时间,它们发出的热量相等,那么就把此直流电的大小作为此交流电的有效值。正弦电流的有效值等于其最大值的0.707倍。15、有功功率----又叫平均功率。交流电的瞬时功率不是一个恒定值,功率在一个周期内的平均值叫做有功功率,它是指在电路中电阻部分所消耗的功率,以字母P表示,单位瓦特。16、视在功率----在具有电阻和电抗的电路内,电压与电流的乘积叫做视在功率,用字母Ps来表示,单位为瓦特。17、无功功率----在具有电感和电容的电路里,这些储能元件在半周期的时间里把电源能量变成磁场(或电场)的能量存起来,在另半周期的时间里对已存的磁场(或电场)能量送还给电源。它们只是与电源进行能量交换,并没有真正消耗能量。我们把与电源交换能量的速率的振幅值叫做无功功率。用字母Q表示,单位为芝。

    标签: 电子学

    上传时间: 2013-11-23

    上传用户:zhoujunzhen

  • PCB被动组件的隐藏特性解析

    PCB 被动组件的隐藏特性解析 传统上,EMC一直被视为「黑色魔术(black magic)」。其实,EMC是可以藉由数学公式来理解的。不过,纵使有数学分析方法可以利用,但那些数学方程式对实际的EMC电路设计而言,仍然太过复杂了。幸运的是,在大多数的实务工作中,工程师并不需要完全理解那些复杂的数学公式和存在于EMC规范中的学理依据,只要藉由简单的数学模型,就能够明白要如何达到EMC的要求。本文藉由简单的数学公式和电磁理论,来说明在印刷电路板(PCB)上被动组件(passivecomponent)的隐藏行为和特性,这些都是工程师想让所设计的电子产品通过EMC标准时,事先所必须具备的基本知识。导线和PCB走线导线(wire)、走线(trace)、固定架……等看似不起眼的组件,却经常成为射频能量的最佳发射器(亦即,EMI的来源)。每一种组件都具有电感,这包含硅芯片的焊线(bond wire)、以及电阻、电容、电感的接脚。每根导线或走线都包含有隐藏的寄生电容和电感。这些寄生性组件会影响导线的阻抗大小,而且对频率很敏感。依据LC 的值(决定自共振频率)和PCB走线的长度,在某组件和PCB走线之间,可以产生自共振(self-resonance),因此,形成一根有效率的辐射天线。在低频时,导线大致上只具有电阻的特性。但在高频时,导线就具有电感的特性。因为变成高频后,会造成阻抗大小的变化,进而改变导线或PCB 走线与接地之间的EMC 设计,这时必需使用接地面(ground plane)和接地网格(ground grid)。导线和PCB 走线的最主要差别只在于,导线是圆形的,走线是长方形的。导线或走线的阻抗包含电阻R和感抗XL = 2πfL,在高频时,此阻抗定义为Z = R + j XL j2πfL,没有容抗Xc = 1/2πfC存在。频率高于100 kHz以上时,感抗大于电阻,此时导线或走线不再是低电阻的连接线,而是电感。一般而言,在音频以上工作的导线或走线应该视为电感,不能再看成电阻,而且可以是射频天线。

    标签: PCB 被动组件

    上传时间: 2013-10-09

    上传用户:时代将军

  • 开关电源设计层层深入讲解

    很好的课件,对开关电源学习者有很大的帮组

    标签: 开关电源设计

    上传时间: 2013-11-15

    上传用户:丶灬夏天

  • 利用纤巧型负载点电路来简化电源电压的跟踪和排序

      Multiple-voltage electronics systems often requirecomplex supply voltage tracking or sequencing, whichif not met, can result in system faults or even permanentfailures in the fi eld. The design diffi culties in meetingthese requirements are often compounded in distributedpowerarchitectures where point-of-load (POL) DC/DCconverters or linear regulators are scattered across PCboard space, sometimes on different board planes. Theproblem is that power supply circuitry is often the lastcircuitry to be designed into the board, and it must beshoehorned into whatever little board real estate is left.Often, a simple, drop-in, fl exible solution is needed tomeet these requirements.

    标签: 负载点电路 电源电压 排序

    上传时间: 2013-10-08

    上传用户:15071087253

  • DN1011 简单高效率隔离型反激式电源

      While simplicity and high effi ciency (for cool running) areno longer optional features in isolated power supplies, itis traditionally diffi cult to achieve both. Achieving higheffi ciency often requires the use of advanced topologiesand home-brewed secondary synchronous rectifi cationschemes once reserved only for higher power applications.This only adds to the parts count and to the designcomplexity associated with the reference and optocouplercircuits typically used to maintain isolation. Fortunately, abreakthrough IC makes it possible to achieve both high efficiency and simplicity in a synchronous fl yback topology.The LT®3825 simplifi es and improves the performance oflow voltage, high current fl yback supplies by providingprecise synchronous rectifi er timing and eliminating theneed for optocoupler feedback while maintaining excellentregulation and superior loop response.

    标签: 1011 DN 高效率 隔离型

    上传时间: 2013-10-16

    上传用户:wayne595

  • 高功率PoE PD接口与集成反激式控制器

      To this day, Power over Ethernet (PoE) continues to gainpopularity in today’s networking world. The 12.95Wdelivered to the Powered Device (PD) input supplied bythe Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) is a universal supply.Each PD provides its own DC/DC conversion from anominal 48V supply, thus eliminating the need for a correctvoltage wall adapter. However, higher power devicescan not take advantage of standard PoE because of itspower limitations, and must rely on a large wall adapteras their primary supply. The new LTC4268-1 breaks thispower barrier by allowing for power of up to 35W for suchpower-hungry 2-pair PoE applications. The LTC4268-1provides a complete solution by integrating a high powerPD interface control with an isolated fl yback controller.

    标签: PoE 高功率 PD接口 集成

    上传时间: 2014-12-24

    上传用户:jasson5678

  • 按键开关控制器简化系统设计

      Handheld designers often grapple with ways to de-bounceand control the on/off pushbutton of portable devices.Traditional de-bounce designs use discrete logic, fl ipflops, resistors and capacitors. Other designs includean onboard microprocessor and discrete comparatorswhich continuously consume battery power. For highvoltage multicell battery applications, a high voltageLDO is needed to drive the low voltage devices. All thisextra circuitry not only increases required board spaceand design complexity, but also drains the battery whenthe handheld device is turned off. Linear Technology addressesthis pushbutton interface challenge with a pairof tiny pushbutton controllers.

    标签: 按键开关 控制器 系统设计

    上传时间: 2013-11-18

    上传用户:ZJX5201314

  • DN460双输出降压稳压器优化效率

      The LTC3546 is a dual output current mode buck regulatorwith fl exible output current partitioning. Beyondthe advantages normally associated with dual outputregulators (reduced size, cost, EMI and part count, withimproved effi ciency), the LTC3546’s outputs can bepartitioned for either 3A and 1A outputs, or two 2A outputs.This increases its application range and simplifi esmultiple supply rail designs. A confi gurable Burst Mode®clamp for each output sets the current transition levelbetween Burst Mode operation and forced continuousconduction mode to optimize effi ciency over the entireoutput range. An adjustable switching frequency up to4MHz and internal power MOSFET switches allow forsmall and compact footprints.

    标签: 460 DN 输出 优化效率

    上传时间: 2013-11-04

    上传用户:yxgi5

  • 基于FPGA的高度集成DCDC稳压器

      In a recent discussion with a system designer, the requirementfor his power supply was to regulate 1.5Vand deliver up to 40A of current to a load that consistedof four FPGAs. This is up to 60W of power that must bedelivered in a small area with the lowest height profi lepossible to allow a steady fl ow of air for cooling. Thepower supply had to be surface mountable and operateat high enough effi ciency to minimize heat dissipation.He also demanded the simplest possible solution so histime could be dedicated to the more complex tasks. Asidefrom precise electrical performance, this solution had toremovethe heat generated during DC to DC conversionquickly so that the circuit and the ICs in the vicinity do notoverheat. Such a solution requires an innovative designto meet these criteria:

    标签: FPGA DCDC 集成 稳压器

    上传时间: 2013-11-24

    上传用户:defghi010