This white paper discusses how market trends, the need for increased productivity, and new legislation have accelerated the use of safety systems in industrial machinery. This TÜV-qualified FPGA design methodology is changing the paradigms of safety designs and will greatly reduce development effort, system complexity, and time to market. This allows FPGA users to design their own customized safety controllers and provides a significant competitive advantage over traditional microcontroller or ASIC-based designs. Introduction The basic motivation of deploying functional safety systems is to ensure safe operation as well as safe behavior in cases of failure. Examples of functional safety systems include train brakes, proximity sensors for hazardous areas around machines such as fast-moving robots, and distributed control systems in process automation equipment such as those used in petrochemical plants. The International Electrotechnical Commission’s standard, IEC 61508: “Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems,” is understood as the standard for designing safety systems for electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) equipment. This standard was developed in the mid-1980s and has been revised several times to cover the technical advances in various industries. In addition, derivative standards have been developed for specific markets and applications that prescribe the particular requirements on functional safety systems in these industry applications. Example applications include process automation (IEC 61511), machine automation (IEC 62061), transportation (railway EN 50128), medical (IEC 62304), automotive (ISO 26262), power generation, distribution, and transportation. 图Figure 1. Local Safety System
上传时间： 2013-11-14
上传用户：zoudejile
WP369可扩展式处理平台-各种嵌入式系统的理想解决方案 ：Delivering unrivaled levels of system performance,flexibility, scalability, and integration to developers,Xilinx's architecture for a new Extensible Processing Platform is optimized for system power, cost, and size. Based on ARM's dual-core Cortex™-A9 MPCore processors and Xilinx’s 28 nm programmable logic,the Extensible Processing Platform takes a processor-centric approach by defining a comprehensive processor system implemented with standard design methods. This approach provides Software Developers a familiar programming environment within an optimized, full featured,powerful, yet low-cost, low-power processing platform.
上传时间： 2013-10-18
上传用户：cursor
Finite state machines are widely used in digital circuit designs. Generally, when designing a state machine using an HDL, the synthesis tools will optimize away all states that cannot be reached and generate a highly optimized circuit. Sometimes, however, the optimization is not acceptable. For example, if the circuit powers up in an invalid state, or the circuit is in an extreme working environment and a glitch sends it into an undesired state, the circuit may never get back to its normal operating condition.
标签： Creating Machines Mentor State
上传时间： 2013-11-02
上传用户：xauthu
针对嵌入式机器视觉系统向独立化、智能化发展的要求，介绍了一种嵌入式视觉系统--智能相机。基于对智能相机体系结构、组成模块和图像采集、传输和处理技术的分析，对国内外的几款智能相机进行比较。综合技术发展现状，提出基于FPGA+DSP模式的硬件平台，并提出智能相机的发展方向。分析结果表明，该系统设计可以实现脱离PC运行，完成图像获取与分析，并作出相应输出。 Abstract: This paper introduced an embedded vision system-intelligent camera ，which was for embedded machine vision systems to an independent and intelligent development requirements. Intelligent camera architecture， component modules and image acquisition， transmission and processing technology were analyzed. After comparing integrated technology development of several intelligent cameras at home and abroad， the paper proposed the hardware platform based on FPGA+DSP models and made clear direction of development of intelligent cameras. On the analysis of the design， the results indicate that the system can run from the PC independently to complete the image acquisition and analysis and give a corresponding output.
上传时间： 2013-11-14
上传用户：无聊来刷下
波长信号的解调是实现光纤光栅传感网络的关键，基于现有的光纤光栅传感器解调方法，提出一种基于FPGA的双匹配光纤光栅解调方法，此系统是一种高速率、高精度、低成本的解调系统，并且通过引入双匹配光栅有效地克服了双值问题同时扩大了检测范围。分析了光纤光栅的测温原理并给出了该方案软硬件设计，综合考虑系统的解调精度和FPGA的处理速度给出了基于拉格朗日的曲线拟合算法。 Abstract: Sensor is one of the most important application of the fiber grating. Wavelength signal demodulating is the key techniques to carry out fiber grating sensing network， based on several existing methods of fiber grating sensor demodulation inadequate， a two-match fiber grating demodulation method was presented. This system is a high-speed， high precision， low-cost demodulation system. And by introducing a two-match grating effectively overcomes the problem of double value while expands the scope of testing. This paper analyzes the principle of fiber Bragg grating temperature and gives the software and hardware design of the program. Considering the system of demodulation accuracy and processing speed of FPGA，this paper gives the curve fitting algorithm based on Lagrange.
上传时间： 2013-10-10
上传用户：zxc23456789
Calculation of the Differential Impedance of Tracks on FR4 substrates There is a discrepancy between calculated and measured values of impedance for differential transmission lineson FR4. This is especially noticeable in the case of surface microstrip configurations. The anomaly is shown tobe due to the nature of the substrate material. This needs to be considered as a layered structure of epoxy resinand glass fibre. Calculations, using Boundary Element field methods, show that the distribution of the electricfield within this layered structure determines the apparent dielectric constant and therefore affects theimpedance. Thus FR4 cannot be considered to be uniform dielectric when calculating differential impedance.
上传时间： 2013-10-18
上传用户：masochism
集合式直流电能表（小功率的） 特点： 精确度0.05%满刻度±1位数 可同时量测与显示/直流电压/电流/瓦特（千瓦）/瓦特小时（千瓦小时） 电压输入（DC0-99.99V/0-600.0V）自动变档功能 显示范围0-9999(电流/瓦特/千瓦),0至99999999(八位數瓦特小时)可任意规划 数位RS-485 界面 (Optional) 主要规格： 辅助电源消耗功率：＜0.35VA(DC12V/DC24V) ＜0.5VA（DC48V） ＜1.5VA（AC90-240V(50/60Hz)） 精确度: 0.05% F.S. ±1 digit (23 ±5℃) 输入范围：Auto range(DC0-99.99V/0-600.0V(DC voltage)) 输入抗阻：＞5MΩ（DC voltage） 取样时间：10 cycles/second(total) 过载显示: " doFL " 显示值范围: 0-9999 digit（DCA/W(KW)） 0-9999999.999 digit(WH/(KWH)) RS-485传输速度: 19200/9600/4800/2400 selective RS-485通讯位址: "01"-"FF"（0-255） RS-485通信协议: Modbus RTU mode 温度系数: 50ppm/℃ (0-50℃) 显示幕:Bight Red LEDs high 10.16 mm(0.4") 参数设定方式: Touch switches 记忆方式: Non-volatile E²PROM memory 绝缘耐压能力:2KVac/1min.(input/output)（RS-485(Isolating)） 1600 Vdc (input/output) （RS-485(Isolating)） 使用环境条件: 0-50℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) 存放环境条件: 0-70℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) CE认证: EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 Class A EN 61000-3-2:2000 EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001 EN 55024:1998/A1:2001
上传时间： 2013-11-20
上传用户：s363994250
The AN10 begins with a survey of methods for measuring op amp settling time. This commentary develops into circuits for measuring settling time to 0.0005%. Construction details and results are presented. Appended sections cover oscilloscope overload limitations and amplifier frequency compensation.
上传时间： 2013-11-14
上传用户：JIMMYCB001
随着USB技术日趋成熟，USB开发者只需要关注顶层开发即可，这样虽然减少了工作量，但容易使开发者忽略USB基础理论与概念，导致的弊端在于开发者一旦遇到问题，往往不知如何解决。作者基于多年USB开发经验，针对当前很多USB开发者容易混淆的概念，进行深入浅出的剖析，针对枚举和重枚举的区别、不同启动方式的区别等问题，进行了归纳总结。本文从对比的角度分析问题，有助于开发者理清USB的工作机理。
标签： USB
上传时间： 2013-10-26
上传用户：zaocan888
已通过CE认证。（为什么要选择经过CE认证的编程器？） 程速度无与伦比,逼近芯片理论极限。 基本配置48脚流行驱动电路。所选购的适配器都是通用的（插在DIP48锁紧座上），即支持同封装所有类型器件，48脚及以下DIP器件无需适配器直接支持。通用适配器保证快速新器件支持。I/O电平由DAC控制，直接支持低达1.5V的低压器件。 更先进的波形驱动电路极大抑制工作噪声,配合IC厂家认证的算法,无论是低电压器件、二手器件还是低品质器件均能保证极高的编程良品率。编程结果可选择高低双电压校验,保证结果持久稳固。 支持FLASH、EPROM、EEPROM、MCU、PLD等器件。支持新器件仅需升级软件（免费）。可测试SRAM、标准TTL/COMS电路，并能自动判断型号。 自动检测芯片错插和管脚接触不良,避免损坏器件。 完善的过流保护功能,避免损坏编程器。 逻辑测试功能。可测试和自动识别标准TTL/CMOS逻辑电路和用户自定义测试向量的非标准逻辑电路。 丰富的软件功能简化操作，提高效率，避免出错，对用户关怀备至。工程（Project）将用户关于对象器件的各种操作、设置，包括器件型号设定、烧写文件的调入、配置位的设定、批处理命令等保存在工程文件中，每次运行时一步进入写片操作。器件型号选择和文件载入均有历史（History）记录，方便再次选择。批处理（Auto）命令允许用户将擦除、查空、编程、校验、加密等常用命令序列随心所欲地组织成一步完成的单一命令。量产模式下一旦芯片正确插入CPU即自动启动批处理命令，无须人工按键。自动序列号功能按用户要求自动生成并写入序列号。借助于开放的API用户可以在线动态修改数据BUFFER，使每片芯片内容均不同。器件型号选错，软件按照实际读出的ID提示相近的候选型号。自动识别文件格式, 自动提示文件地址溢出。 软件支持WINDOWS98/ME/NT/2000/XP操作系统（中英文）。 器件型号 编程(秒) 校验(秒) P+V (s) Type 28F320W18 9 4.5 13.5 32Mb FLASH 28F640W30 18 9 27 64Mb FLASH AM29DL640E 38.3 10.6 48.9 64Mb FLASH MB84VD21182DA 9.6 2.9 12.5 16Mb FLASH MB84VD23280FA 38.3 10.6 48.9 64Mb FLASH LRS1381 13.3 4.6 19.9 32Mb FLASH M36W432TG 11.8 4.6 16.4 32Mb FLASH MBM29DL323TE 17.5 5.5 23.3 32Mb FLASH AT89C55WD 2.1 1 3.1 20KB MCU P89C51RD2B 4.6 0.9 5.5 64KB MCU
上传时间： 2013-11-21
上传用户：xiaoyuer
