差动保护整定范例一： 三圈变压器参数如下表： 变压器容量Se 31500KVA 变压器接线方式 Yn，y，d11 变压器变比Ue 110kV/35kV/10kV 110kV侧TA变比nTA 300/5 35KV侧TA变比nTA 1000/5 10KV侧TA变比nTA 2000/5 TA接线 外部变换方式 一次接线 10kV侧双分支 调压ΔU ±8×1.25% 电流互感器接线系数Kjx 当为Y接线时为1，当为Δ接线时为 区外三相最大短路电流 假设为1000A(此值需根据现场情况计算确定) 计算： 高压侧二次额定电流 中压侧二次额定电流 低压侧二次额定电流
上传时间： 2013-11-01
上传用户：edisonfather
由热电偶的测温原理可知，热电偶产生的热电势与热端（又称测量端）、参比端（又称冷端）的热电势有关，只有参比端温度t1 为零或恒定不变，热电势才是热端温度的单值函数（见图1）。如果不补偿的话，则热电偶的参比端温度与仪表接线端温度t2间的温差t1-t2越大，测量误差也越大。由于大多数热电偶的热电势与温度的关系近似线性，所以造成的测量误差大致等于上述温差。以K 分度号的镍铬-镍硅热电偶为例，当t1=50℃，t2=20℃时，如热端温度为1000℃，则显示温度仅969℃，误差达31℃。
上传时间： 2013-10-15
上传用户：哈哈hah
目前，主要用来提高功率因数的方法有：电感无源滤波，这种方法对抑制高次谐波有效，但体积大，重量大，在产品设计中其应用将越来越少；逆变器有源滤波，对各次谐波响应快，但设备造价昂贵；三相高功率因数整流器，效率高、性能好，近年来其控制策略和拓朴结构处于不断发展中。单相有源功率因数校正（APFC），通常采用Boost电路，CCM工作模式，因其良好的校正效果，目前在产品设计中得到越来越广泛的应用。 本文主要介绍了两种常用的APFC芯片UC3854和UC3855的工作原理、功能特点及实验波形分析，并作了对比性研究。
上传时间： 2013-11-05
上传用户：tonyshao
变频控制系统设计前，一定要了解系统配制，工作方式，环境，控制方式，客户具体要求具体系统分新设计系统还是旧设备改造系统。
上传时间： 2013-11-20
上传用户：lhuqi
Analog Inputs and Outputs in an S7 PLC are represented in the PLC as a 16-bit integer. Over the nominal span of the analog input or output, the value of this integer will range between - 27648 and +27648. However, it is easier to use the analog values if they are scaled to the same units and ranges as the process being controlled. This applications tip describes methods for scaling analog values to and from engineering units.
上传时间： 2013-11-17
上传用户：3294322651
为了提高PCB板制作的效率，改变传统的化学腐蚀制板工艺，使用机械仿形铣制作电路板的方法，设计了以ATMEGA16单片机为核心部件的PCB板雕刻机控制系统。其中包括PCB雕刻机的基本功能、主要硬件电路设计和软件的实现流程，并给出了相关设计电路。重点分析了雕刻机步进电机的驱动电路以及主轴电机的驱动电路，该雕刻机经实际运行，系统工作良好，可有效提高PCB板的制作效率。 Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of production of PCB board and change the traditional chemical etching plates， using of mechanical copying milling method makes circuit boards，this paper introduces the PCB engraving machine control system used ATMEGA16 microcomputer as the core components. It includes basic function， the hardware circuit design and software realization process， and gives the corresponding circuit design.It analyses the drive circuit of engrawing machine stepper motor and spindle motor in detail. This engraving machine by practical operation， the system works well， which can effectively improve the production efficiency of PCB board.
上传时间： 2013-10-17
上传用户：liangliang123
便携式信号采集在机器健康诊断系统中有较高的应用价值。机器健康诊断的信号特点是包括低频信号。本文研究是为了实现简易而且低成本的低频便携式信号采集。以Microchip公司单片机PIC18F1320为核心设计信号采集电路，实现了信号的采集和保存。系统采用串行电可擦除芯片24LC32A保存数据，经过有线通信，信号数据由串行口通过MAX232芯片输送到微型计算机接收和保存，最后绘制出信号波形。 微型计算机程序采用Visual Basic编程。研究成功采样频率为3 kHz的复杂信号，证明该方案符合设计要求。 Abstract: Portable signal acquisition is useful in machine health monitoring systems. The signal characteristics of machine health monitoring includes low frequency signals. The goal of this study is to realize simple, inexpensive and portable low frequency signal sampling. This paper provides the project of signal acquisition system design based on PIC18F1320 microcontroller manufactured by the Microchip Technology Incorporation to achieve signal sampling and storage. The system adopted EEPROM 24LC32A to store the signal data. The microcomputer received data via wired link with the MAX232 IC through the serial port. The microcomputer program, programmed in Visual Basic, received the data, stored it and plotted the signal. The study successfully samples 3kHz complicated signals and thus meets the design requirement.
上传时间： 2013-11-19
上传用户：moerwang
生活中许多目标的高度和水平距离需要进行测量。目前主要的测量方法，仍以传统的皮尺丈量为主，测量效率不高，有时还很不方便，没有技术成熟的数字式测高测距产品。以基本的数学方法为理论依据，利用遥控小车做为载体，采用角度传感器测量角度、霍尔传感器测量水平距离等，通过单片机LM3S615进行数据计算，实现了对待测目标物体的高度、水平距离等数据的快速、精确和数字式的测量，高度测量精度可达99.06%，水平测量精度则可达98.06%。 Abstract: In our lives， the height and horizontal distance of some goals are needed to be measured. Because the currently used methods are still traditional tape-based measuring methods， and the measuring efficiency is low and inconvenient so some kinds of digital and portable measuring methods or instruments are needed. Based on the basic math theory， this paper designed and manufactured a portable， digital and remote controlled measuring mobile small vehicle， which assembled with angle measuring sensor for angle measurement and Hall sensor for horizontal distance measuring. MCU LM3S615 calculated the height and horizontal distance data gotten from these sensors. The measuring process is simple， the measuring results are more accurate and the measuring efficiency is higher than traditional measure instruments. The accuracy of height and distance measurement can reach 99.06% and 98.06%.
上传时间： 2013-10-30
上传用户：jackandlee
单片机作为一种微型计算机，其内部具有一定的存储单元（8031除外），但由于其内部存储单元及端口有限，很多情况下难以满足实际需求。为此介绍一种新的扩展方法，将数据线与地址线合并使用，通过软件控制的方法实现数据线与地址线功能的分时转换，数据线不仅用于传送数据信号，还可作为地址线、控制线，用于传送地址信号和控制信号，从而实现单片机与存储器件的有效连接。以单片机片外256KB数据存储空间的扩展为例，通过该扩展方法，仅用10个I/O端口便可实现，与传统的扩展方法相比，可节约8个I/O端口。 Abstract: As a micro-computer,the SCM internal memory has a certain units(except8031),but because of its internal storage units and the ports are limited,in many cases it can not meet the actual demand.So we introduced a new extension method,the data line and address lines combined through software-controlled approach to realize the time-conversion functions of data lines and address lines,so the data lines not only transmited data signals,but also served as address lines and control lines to transmit address signals and control signals,in order to achieve an effective connection of microcontroller and memory chips.Take microcontroller chip with256KB of data storage space expansion as example,through this extension method,with only10I/O ports it was achieved,compared with the traditional extension methods,this method saves8I/O ports.
上传时间： 2014-12-26
上传用户：adada
首先研究CAN总线和SAE J1939协议，提出一种基于MC9S12HZ256微控制器的总线式汽车数字仪表解决方案。详细介绍SAE J1939协议的报文帧格式及应用层协议中发动机相关参数的定义，以及步进电机及其驱动和车速信号的处理方法。该数字仪表系统硬件平台由微处理器和信号采集和信息处理及显示等模块组成。软件设计部分编程实现了对CAN总线和各传感器数据的读取、处理。该系统能够实时反映车辆工况。 Abstract: In this paper，CAN bus and SAE J1939protocol are researched，and a vehicle digital instrument solution based on MC9S12HZ256MCU is proposed.The message frame format and some engine-related parameters’definition in SAE J1939application layer protocol are introduced in detail.Stepper motor and its driver，the methods of speed signal process-ing are also introduced.The hardware platform of vehicle digital instrument is composed by MCU，signal acquisition mod-ule，and signal processing and displaying module.Data receiving and processing from CAN bus and sensors are accom-plished by programming，and vehicle condition can be reflected in real-time.
上传时间： 2013-10-20
上传用户：huannan88
