Abstract: Many digital devices incorporate analog circuits. For instance, microprocessors, applicationspecificintegrated circuits (ASICs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may have internalvoltage references, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) or digital-to-analog converters (DACs). However,there are challenges when you integrate more analog onto a digital design. As with all things in life, inelectronics we must always trade one parameter for another, with the application dictating the propertrade-off of analog function. In this application note, we examine how the demand for economy of spaceand cost pushes analog circuits onto digital substrates, and what design challenges emerge.
上传时间： 2013-11-17
上传用户：菁菁聆听
The purpose of this application note is to show an example of how a digital potentiometer can be used in thefeedback loop of a step-up DC-DC converter to provide calibration and/or adjustment of the output voltage.The example circuit uses a MAX5025 step-up DC-DC converter (capable of generating up to 36V,120mWmax) in conjunction with a DS1845, 256 position, NV digital potentiometer. For this example, the desiredoutput voltage is 32V, which is generated from an input supply of 5V. The output voltage can be adjusted in35mV increments (near 32V) and span a range wide enough to account for resistance, potentiometer and DCDCconverter tolerances (27.6V to 36.7V).
上传时间： 2014-12-23
上传用户：781354052
Digital-to-analog converters (DACs) are prevalent inindustrial control and automated test applications.General-purpose automated test equipment often requiresmany channels of precisely controlled voltagesthat span several voltage ranges. The LTC2704 is ahighly integrated 16-bit, 4-channel DAC for high-endapplications. It has a wide range of features designed toincrease performance and simplify design.
上传时间： 2013-11-22
上传用户：元宵汉堡包
Designers of signal receiver systems often need to performcascaded chain analysis of system performancefrom the antenna all the way to the ADC. Noise is a criticalparameter in the chain analysis because it limits theoverall sensitivity of the receiver. An application’s noiserequirement has a signifi cant infl uence on the systemtopology, since the choice of topology strives to optimizethe overall signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range andseveral other parameters. One problem in noise calculationsis translating between the various units used by thecomponents in the chain: namely the RF, IF/baseband,and digital (ADC) sections of the circuit.
上传时间： 2014-12-05
上传用户：cylnpy
Linear Technology’s High Frequency Product lineupincludes a variety of RF I/Q modulators. The purpose ofthis application note is to illustrate the circuits requiredto interface these modulators with several popular D/Aconverters. Such circuits typically are required to maximizethe voltage transfer from the DAC to the baseband inputsof the modulator, as well as provide some reconstructionfi ltering.
上传时间： 2013-10-19
上传用户：FreeSky
A complete design for a data acquisition card for the IBM PC is detailed in this application note. Additionally, C language code is provided to allow sampling of data at speed of more than 20kHz. The speed limitation is strictly based on the execution speed of the "C" data acquisition loop. A "Turbo" XT can acquire data at speeds greater than 20kHz. Machines with 80286 and 80386 processors can go faster than 20kHz. The computer that was used as a test bed in this application was an XT running at 4.77MHz and therefore all system timing and acquisition time measurements are based on a 4.77MHz clock speed.
上传时间： 2013-10-29
上传用户：BOBOniu
高速数字系统设计下载pdf:High-Speed Digital SystemDesign—A Handbook ofInterconnect Theory and DesignPracticesStephen H. HallGarrett W. HallJames A. McCallA Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.New York • Chichester • Weinheim • Brisbane • Singapore • TorontoCopyright © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.speeddigital systems at the platform level. The book walks the reader through everyrequired concept, from basic transmission line theory to digital timing analysis, high-speedmeasurement techniques, as well as many other topics. In doing so, a unique balancebetween theory and practical applications is achieved that will allow the reader not only tounderstand the nature of the problem, but also provide practical guidance to the solution.The level of theoretical understanding is such that the reader will be equipped to see beyondthe immediate practical application and solve problems not contained within these pages.Much of the information in this book has not been needed in past digital designs but isabsolutely necessary today. Most of the information covered here is not covered in standardcollege curricula, at least not in its focus on digital design, which is arguably one of the mostsignificant industries in electrical engineering.The focus of this book is on the design of robust high-volume, high-speed digital productssuch as computer systems, with particular attention paid to computer busses. However, thetheory presented is applicable to any high-speed digital system. All of the techniquescovered in this book have been applied in industry to actual digital products that have beensuccessfully produced and sold in high volume.Practicing engineers and graduate and undergraduate students who have completed basicelectromagnetic or microwave design classes are equipped to fully comprehend the theorypresented in this book. At a practical level, however, basic circuit theory is all thebackground required to apply the formulas in this book.
上传时间： 2013-10-26
上传用户：缥缈
磁珠由氧磁体组成，电感由磁心和线圈组成，磁珠把交流信号转化为热能，电感把交流存储起来，缓慢的释放出去。 磁珠对高频信号才有较大阻碍作用，一般规格有100欧/100mMHZ ,它在低频时电阻比电感小得多。电感的等效电阻可有Z=2X3.14xf 来求得。 铁氧体磁珠 (Ferrite Bead) 是目前应用发展很快的一种抗干扰元件，廉价、易用，滤除高频噪声效果显著。 在电路中只要导线穿过它即可（我用的都是象普通电阻模样的，导线已穿过并胶合，也有表面贴装的形式，但很少见到卖的）。当导线中电流穿过时，铁氧体对低频电流几乎没有什么阻抗，而对较高频率的电流会产生较大衰减作用。高频电流在其中以热量形式散发，其等效电路为一个电感和一个电阻串联，两个元件的值都与磁珠的长度成比例。 磁珠种类很多，制造商应提供技术指标说明，特别是磁珠的阻抗与频率关系的曲线。 有的磁珠上有多个孔洞，用导线穿过可增加元件阻抗（穿过磁珠次数的平方），不过在高频时所增加的抑制噪声能力不可能如预期的多，而用多串联几个磁珠的办法会好些。 铁氧体是磁性材料，会因通过电流过大而产生磁饱和，导磁率急剧下降。大电流滤波应采用结构上专门设计的磁珠，还要注意其散热措施。 铁氧体磁珠不仅可用于电源电路中滤除高频噪声（可用于直流和交流输出），还可广泛应用于其他电路，其体积可以做得很小。特别是在数字电路中，由于脉冲信号含有频率很高的高次谐波，也是电路高频辐射的主要根源，所以可在这种场合发挥磁珠的作用。 铁氧体磁珠还广泛应用于信号电缆的噪声滤除。 以常用于电源滤波的HH-1H3216-500为例，其型号各字段含义依次为：HH 是其一个系列，主要用于电源滤波，用于信号线是HB系列；1 表示一个元件封装了一个磁珠，若为4则是并排封装四个的；H 表示组成物质，H、C、M为中频应用（50－200MHz），T低频应用（<50MHz），S高频应用（>200MHz）；3216 封装尺寸，长3.2mm，宽1.6mm，即1206封装；500 阻抗（一般为100MHz时），50 ohm。 其产品参数主要有三项：阻抗[Z]@100MHz (ohm) : Typical 50, Minimum 37;直流电阻DC Resistance (m ohm): Maximum 20;额定电流Rated Current (mA): 2500. 磁珠有很高的电阻率和磁导率， 他等效于电阻和电感串联， 但电阻值和电感值都随频率变化。 他比普通的电感有更好的高频滤波特性，在高频时呈现阻性，所以能在相当宽的频率范围内保持较高的阻抗，从而提高调频滤波效果。 磁珠主要用于高频隔离，抑制差模噪声等。
标签： 电感
上传时间： 2013-11-05
上传用户：猫爱薛定谔
One of the strengths of Synplify is the Finite State Machine compiler. This is a powerfulfeature that not only has the ability to automatically detect state machines in the sourcecode, and implement them with either sequential, gray, or one-hot encoding. But alsoperform a reachability analysis to determine all the states that could possibly bereached, and optimize away all states and transition logic that can not be reached.Thus, producing a highly optimal final implementation of the state machine.
标签： Synplicity Machine Verilog Design
上传时间： 2013-10-23
上传用户：司令部正军级
Finite state machines are widely used in digital circuit designs. Generally, when designing a state machine using an HDL, the synthesis tools will optimize away all states that cannot be reached and generate a highly optimized circuit. Sometimes, however, the optimization is not acceptable. For example, if the circuit powers up in an invalid state, or the circuit is in an extreme working environment and a glitch sends it into an undesired state, the circuit may never get back to its normal operating condition.
标签： Creating Machines Mentor State
上传时间： 2013-10-08
上传用户：wangzhen1990
