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3.<b>3</b>

  • 基于核的MMKP问题算法研究

      多维多选择背包问题(MMKP)是0-1背包问题的延伸,背包核已经被用来设计解决背包问题的高效算法。目的是研究如何获得一种背包核,并以此高效处理多维多选择背包问题。首先给出了一种方法确定MMKP的核,然后阐述了利用核精确解决MMKP问题的B&B算法,列出了具体的算法步骤。在分析了算法的存储复杂度后,将算法在各种实例上的运行效果与目前解决MMKP问题的常用算法的运行效果进行了比较,发现本文的算法性能优于以往任何算法。

    标签: MMKP 算法研究

    上传时间: 2013-11-20

    上传用户:wangw7689

  • 最新电阻色环的识别教程 软件下载

    色环电阻识别小程序V1.0--功能说明: 1、能直接根据色环电阻的颜色计算出电阻值和偏差; 2、能根据电阻值,反标电阻颜色; 3、支持四环、五环电阻计算; 4、带万用表直读数; 色环电阻识别小程序--使用说明: 1、选择电阻环数;(四环电阻或五环电阻) 2、如果是“色环转阻值”则:鼠标点击对应环的颜色,然后点按钮“色环→阻值” 3、如果是“阻值转色环”则:输入相应阻值、单位、精度,点按钮“阻值→色环” 国家标称电阻值说明: ★E6±20%系列:1.0、1.5、2.2、3.3、4.7、6.8 E12±10%系列:1.0、1.2、1.5、1.8、2.2、2.7、3.3、3.9、4.7、5.6、6.8、8.2、9.1 E24 I级±5%:1.0、1.1、1.2、1.3、1.5、1.6、1.8、2.0、2.2、2.4、2.7、3.0、3.3、3.6、3.9、4.3、4.7、5.1、5.6、6.2、6.8、7.5、8.2、9.1 使用注意事项: 1、请不要带电和在路测试电阻,这样操作既不安全也不能测出正确阻值; 2、请不要用手接触到电阻引脚,因为人体也有电阻,会使测试值产生误差; 3、请正确选择万用表的档位(电阻档)和量程(200、20K、2M量程)

    标签: 最新电阻色环的 教程 识别

    上传时间: 2013-11-24

    上传用户:tou15837271233

  • 基于Xilinx FPGA的双输出DC/DC转换器解决方案

      Xilinx FPGAs require at least two power supplies: VCCINTfor core circuitry and VCCO for I/O interface. For the latestXilinx FPGAs, including Virtex-II Pro, Virtex-II and Spartan-3, a third auxiliary supply, VCCAUX may be needed. Inmost cases, VCCAUX can share a power supply with VCCO.The core voltages, VCCINT, for most Xilinx FPGAs, rangefrom 1.2V to 2.5V. Some mature products have 3V, 3.3Vor 5V core voltages. Table 1 shows the core voltagerequirement for most of the FPGA device families. TypicalI/O voltages (VCCO) vary from 1.2V to 3.3V. The auxiliaryvoltage VCCAUX is 2.5V for Virtex-II Pro and Spartan-3, andis 3.3V for Virtex-II.

    标签: Xilinx FPGA DC 输出

    上传时间: 2013-10-22

    上传用户:aeiouetla

  • CAM350软件的学习笔记

    CAM350软件的学习笔记目录1. CAM3501. 一. Gerber知识2. 二.CAM3503. 三.CAM350操作4. 附录Gerber知识l Gerber 文件的格式包括:¡ RS-274-X (常用)¡ RS-274-D (常用)¡ RS-274¡ Fire 9000¡ Mda 9000¡ Barco DPFl 标准的gerber file 格式可分为RS-274 与RS-274X 两种,其不同在于:¡ RS-274 格式的gerber file 与aperture 是分开的不同文件。¡ RS-274X 格式的aperture 是整合在gerber file 中的,因此不需要aperture文件(即,内含D 码)。PCB生成Gerber最好就是选用RS-274x格式,既标准,又兼容性高。l 数据格式:整数位+小数位 。常用:¡ 3:3(公制,整数3 位,小数3 位)¡ 2:4(英制,整数2 位,小数4 位)¡ 2:3(英制,整数2 位,小数3 位)¡ 3:3(英制,整数3 位,小数3 位)l 前导零、后导零和不导零:¡ 例:025690 前导零后变为:25690 (Leading)¡ 025690 后导零后变为:02569 (Trailing)¡ 025690 不导零后变为:025690 (None)l 单位:¡ METRIC(mm)¡ ENGLISH(inch or mil)l 单位换算:¡ 1 inch = 1000 mil = 2.54 cm = 25.4 mm¡ 1 mm = 0.03937 inch = 39.37 mill GERBER 格式的数据特点:

    标签: CAM 350 软件

    上传时间: 2013-10-17

    上传用户:yzy6007

  • Allegro(cadence)_EDA工具手册

    系统组成.......................................................................................................................................................... 31.1 库 ...................................................................................................................................................... 31.2 原理图输入 ...................................................................................................................................... 31.3 设计转换和修改管理 ....................................................................................................................... 31.4 物理设计与加工数据的生成 ........................................................................................................... 31.5 高速 PCB 规划设计环境.................................................................................................................. 32 Cadence 设计流程........................................................................................................................................... 33 启动项目管理器.............................................................................................................................................. 4第二章 Cadence 安装................................................................................................ 6第三章 CADENCE 库管理..................................................................................... 153.1 中兴EDA 库管理系统...................................................................................................................... 153.2 CADENCE 库结构............................................................................................................................ 173.2.1 原理图(Concept HDL)库结构:........................................................................................ 173.2.2 PCB 库结构:............................................................................................................................. 173.2.3 仿真库结构: ............................................................................................................................. 18第四章 公司的 PCB 设计规范............................................................................... 19第五章常用技巧和常见问题处理......................................................................... 19

    标签: Allegro cadence EDA

    上传时间: 2013-10-23

    上传用户:D&L37

  • FX2N可编程序控制器

    教学提示:FX2N系列可编程控制器是日本三菱公司小型PLC的代表产品之一。本章主要介绍FX2N系列可编程控制器的系统特点、型号说明、技术指标、硬件配置及其等效元件等基本内容,是学习FX2N系列PLC的基础 教学要求: 学习、使用可编程控制器首先要熟悉可编程控制器的基本配置情况,例如PLC的技术指标、各单元的功能、输入输出点数、编程器及其他外部设备的使用等内容。要熟练使用可编程控制器必须牢牢掌握两个重要基本内容——等效元件及编程指令。本章详细介绍了FX2N系列可编程控制器的内部等效元件,这部分内容应熟练掌握,尤其是各等效元件的功能、使用方法及编号范围应重点掌握 3.1 FX2N的系统特点及配置 3.1.1 FX2N的技术特点 3.1.2 FX2N的型号说明 3.1.3 FX2N系统的硬件配置3.2 FX2N的编程等效元件3.3 FX2N的技术指标

    标签: FX2N 可编程序控制器

    上传时间: 2013-11-25

    上传用户:liuchee

  • 信号完整性知识基础(pdf)

    现代的电子设计和芯片制造技术正在飞速发展,电子产品的复杂度、时钟和总线频率等等都呈快速上升趋势,但系统的电压却不断在减小,所有的这一切加上产品投放市场的时间要求给设计师带来了前所未有的巨大压力。要想保证产品的一次性成功就必须能预见设计中可能出现的各种问题,并及时给出合理的解决方案,对于高速的数字电路来说,最令人头大的莫过于如何确保瞬时跳变的数字信号通过较长的一段传输线,还能完整地被接收,并保证良好的电磁兼容性,这就是目前颇受关注的信号完整性(SI)问题。本章就是围绕信号完整性的问题,让大家对高速电路有个基本的认识,并介绍一些相关的基本概念。 第一章 高速数字电路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何为高速电路...............................................................................................51.2 高速带来的问题及设计流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相关的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 传输线理论...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系统和集总电路.............................................................................122.2 传输线的RLCG 模型和电报方程...............................................................132.3 传输线的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本质.................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相关计算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗对信号完整性的影响.........................................................172.4 传输线电报方程及推导.............................................................................182.5 趋肤效应和集束效应.................................................................................232.6 信号的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射机理和电报方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射导致信号的失真问题.................................................................302.6.2.1 过冲和下冲.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振荡:.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分线的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多负载的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串扰的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串扰的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串扰和后向串扰.................................................................................433.3 后向串扰的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串扰的饱和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模电流对串扰的影响.................................................................483.6 连接器的串扰问题.....................................................................................513.7 串扰的具体计算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串扰的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的产生..................................................................................................614.2.1 电压瞬变.............................................................................................614.2.2 信号的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 电场屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁场屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 电磁场屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 电磁屏蔽体和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 滤波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦电容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 设计中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 传输线RLC 参数和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 叠层设计抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 电容和接地过孔对回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走线规则.................................................................................79第五章 电源完整性理论基础...............................................................................825.1 电源噪声的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 电源阻抗设计.............................................................................................855.3 同步开关噪声分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片内部开关噪声.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部开关噪声.............................................................................895.3.3 等效电感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路电容的特性和应用.............................................................................925.4.1 电容的频率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 电容的介质和封装影响.....................................................................955.4.3 电容并联特性及反谐振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何选择电容.....................................................................................975.4.5 电容的摆放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系统时序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通时序系统...........................................................................................1006.1.1 时序参数的确定...............................................................................1016.1.2 时序约束条件...................................................................................1066.2 源同步时序系统.......................................................................................1086.2.1 源同步系统的基本结构...................................................................1096.2.2 源同步时序要求...............................................................................110第七章 IBIS 模型................................................................................................1137.1 IBIS 模型的由来...................................................................................... 1137.2 IBIS 与SPICE 的比较.............................................................................. 1137.3 IBIS 模型的构成...................................................................................... 1157.4 建立IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1187.4 使用IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1197.5 IBIS 相关工具及链接..............................................................................120第八章 高速设计理论在实际中的运用.............................................................1228.1 叠层设计方案...........................................................................................1228.2 过孔对信号传输的影响...........................................................................1278.3 一般布局规则...........................................................................................1298.4 接地技术...................................................................................................1308.5 PCB 走线策略............................................................................................134

    标签: 信号完整性

    上传时间: 2013-11-01

    上传用户:xitai

  • 高速PCB基础理论及内存仿真技术(经典推荐)

    第一部分 信号完整性知识基础.................................................................................5第一章 高速数字电路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何为高速电路...............................................................................................51.2 高速带来的问题及设计流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相关的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 传输线理论...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系统和集总电路.............................................................................122.2 传输线的RLCG 模型和电报方程...............................................................132.3 传输线的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本质.................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相关计算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗对信号完整性的影响.........................................................172.4 传输线电报方程及推导.............................................................................182.5 趋肤效应和集束效应.................................................................................232.6 信号的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射机理和电报方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射导致信号的失真问题.................................................................302.6.2.1 过冲和下冲.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振荡:.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分线的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多负载的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串扰的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串扰的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串扰和后向串扰.................................................................................433.3 后向串扰的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串扰的饱和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模电流对串扰的影响.................................................................483.6 连接器的串扰问题.....................................................................................513.7 串扰的具体计算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串扰的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的产生..................................................................................................614.2.1 电压瞬变.............................................................................................614.2.2 信号的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 电场屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁场屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 电磁场屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 电磁屏蔽体和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 滤波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦电容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 设计中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 传输线RLC 参数和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 叠层设计抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 电容和接地过孔对回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走线规则.................................................................................79第五章 电源完整性理论基础...............................................................................825.1 电源噪声的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 电源阻抗设计.............................................................................................855.3 同步开关噪声分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片内部开关噪声.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部开关噪声.............................................................................895.3.3 等效电感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路电容的特性和应用.............................................................................925.4.1 电容的频率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 电容的介质和封装影响.....................................................................955.4.3 电容并联特性及反谐振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何选择电容.....................................................................................975.4.5 电容的摆放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系统时序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通时序系统...........................................................................................1006.1.1 时序参数的确定...............................................................................1016.1.2 时序约束条件...................................................................................1063.2 高速设计的问题.......................................................................................2093.3 SPECCTRAQuest SI Expert 的组件.......................................................2103.3.1 SPECCTRAQuest Model Integrity .................................................2103.3.2 SPECCTRAQuest Floorplanner/Editor .........................................2153.3.3 Constraint Manager .......................................................................2163.3.4 SigXplorer Expert Topology Development Environment .......2233.3.5 SigNoise 仿真子系统......................................................................2253.3.6 EMControl .........................................................................................2303.3.7 SPECCTRA Expert 自动布线器.......................................................2303.4 高速设计的大致流程...............................................................................2303.4.1 拓扑结构的探索...............................................................................2313.4.2 空间解决方案的探索.......................................................................2313.4.3 使用拓扑模板驱动设计...................................................................2313.4.4 时序驱动布局...................................................................................2323.4.5 以约束条件驱动设计.......................................................................2323.4.6 设计后分析.......................................................................................233第四章 SPECCTRAQUEST SIGNAL EXPLORER 的进阶运用..........................................2344.1 SPECCTRAQuest Signal Explorer 的功能包括:................................2344.2 图形化的拓扑结构探索...........................................................................2344.3 全面的信号完整性(Signal Integrity)分析.......................................2344.4 完全兼容 IBIS 模型...............................................................................2344.5 PCB 设计前和设计的拓扑结构提取.......................................................2354.6 仿真设置顾问...........................................................................................2354.7 改变设计的管理.......................................................................................2354.8 关键技术特点...........................................................................................2364.8.1 拓扑结构探索...................................................................................2364.8.2 SigWave 波形显示器........................................................................2364.8.3 集成化的在线分析(Integration and In-process Analysis) .236第五章 部分特殊的运用...............................................................................2375.1 Script 指令的使用..................................................................................2375.2 差分信号的仿真.......................................................................................2435.3 眼图模式的使用.......................................................................................249第四部分:HYPERLYNX 仿真工具使用指南............................................................251第一章 使用LINESIM 进行前仿真.......................................................................2511.1 用LineSim 进行仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2511.2 处理信号完整性原理图的具体问题.......................................................2591.3 在LineSim 中如何对传输线进行设置...................................................2601.4 在LineSim 中模拟IC 元件.....................................................................2631.5 在LineSim 中进行串扰仿真...................................................................268第二章 使用BOARDSIM 进行后仿真......................................................................2732.1 用BOARDSIM 进行后仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2732.2 BoardSim 的进一步介绍..........................................................................2922.3 BoardSim 中的串扰仿真..........................................................................309

    标签: PCB 内存 仿真技术

    上传时间: 2013-11-07

    上传用户:aa7821634

  • 传输线理论

    目录  第一章           传输线理论 一 传输线原理 二 微带传输线 三 微带传输线之不连续分析 第二章           被动组件之电感设计与分析 一 电感原理 二 电感结构与分析 三 电感设计与模拟 电感分析与量测

    标签: 传输线

    上传时间: 2013-11-21

    上传用户:qb1993225

  • 题目:利用条件运算符的嵌套来完成此题:学习成绩>=90分的同学用A表示

    题目:利用条件运算符的嵌套来完成此题:学习成绩>=90分的同学用A表示,60-89分之间的用B表示,60分以下的用C表示。 1.程序分析:(a>b)?a:b这是条件运算符的基本例子。

    标签: gt 90 运算符 嵌套

    上传时间: 2015-01-08

    上传用户:lifangyuan12