Currently, the information and communications technology (ICT) industry sector
accounts for about 2–6% of the energy consumption worldwide, and a significant por-
tion of this is contributed by the wireless and mobile communications industry. With
the proliferation of wireless data applications, wireless technology continues to increase
worldwide at an unprecedented growth rate. This has resulted in an increased number
of installed base stations and higher demand on power grids and device power usage,
causing an increased carbon footprint worldwide.
